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BIO161- Nerves Misc
Nerves - Misc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does the sciatic nerve begin? | from spinal nerves L4-S4 |
| Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis? | through the greater sciatic notch |
| Which muscles are supplies by the sciatic nerve? | the hamstring muscles |
| What are the 2 divisions of the sciatic nerve, where does it divide, and what muscles do they supply? | divides just above the popliteal space into the tibial nerve which supplies the (calf) and the common fibular nerve, which further divides into the superficial & deep fibular nerves serving the anterolateral muscles of the leg |
| What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system and what does it do? | the neuron, or nerve cell; it is a cell specialized to conduct impulses |
| What is an impulse? | an action potential |
| What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system? | central nervous system: brain & spinal cord; peripheral nervous system: cranial nerve (come off the brain stem) & spinal nerves (come off the spinal column) |
| What does the brain stem consist of, from superior to inferior? | midbrain, pons, medulla |
| How many cranial nerves? How many spinal nerves? | 12 cranial nerves; 31 spinal nerves (C1-C7, C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, + 1 coccygeal) |
| What types of fibers are in the PNS? | afferent = sensory fibers: send info to CNS; efferent = motor fibers: send info from CNS to muscles |
| What are the 2 divisions of the motor or efferent division? | somatic nervous system: voluntary (conscious control); autonomic nervous system: involuntary; autonomic can be sympathetic or parasympathetic |
| What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems for? | sympathetic: fight or flight; parasympathetic: mostly secretion |
| What is are nerve processes? What are the processes of a neuron? | processes are nerve fibers; axons: long & few - conduct impulses away from cell body; dendrites - numerous & short - receive info from other neurons or the environment |
| What is the function of the neuron's cell body? | biosynthetic center of the cell; all metabolism takes place |
| What are other names for the neuron cell body? | soma or perikaryox |
| What do the Nissl bodies do; what are they comparable to? | synthesize protein; rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | control center |
| What is the myelin sheath | consists of mainly fat; serves as an insulator |
| What are myelinated fibers called? un myelinated fibers? | myelinated fibers are white matter; unmyelinated fibers are gray matter |
| What are other names for the synaptic knob? | axon terminal or Bouton |
| What part of neurons are conductors? receptors? | axons are conductors; dendrites are receptors |
| Which cells make myelin? in which systems? | oligodendrocytes make myelin in the CNS; Schwann cells make myelin in the PNS |
| What are the nodes of Ranvier? | intervals between the myelin sheath |
| What is saltatory conduction? | conduction in myelinated fibers |
| Describe how an impulse in conducted | 1) impulse is initiated at the axon hillock; 2) travels the length of the axon; 3) when it reaches the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released; 4) neurotransmitter is received by another neuron or a muscle |
| What is a synaptic cleft? | space between the axon terminal and a muscle or the next neuron |
| What is a snyapse? | axon terminal of one neuron and another neuron, or of an axon terminal and a muscle |
| What is an astrocyte? | a support cell in the nervous system |
| What is a phagocytic cell? | it clears up neuronal debris and attacks bacteria that enter the nervous system; part ot the body's immune system |
| What is an ependymal cell? | it synthesizes CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); it is found in the Choroid plexus and lines the ventricles of the brain |
| What is a plexus? | network |
| What are ventricles? | open spaces |
| Where is gray matter found in the brain? In the spinal cord? | brain: gray matter is outside, white matter is inside; spinal cord: gray matter is inside; white matter is outside |
| What are other names for gray matter in the brain? | cerebral cortex; cerebrum |
| Where do sensory (afferent) fibers go? What are the 3 exceptions? | sensory fibers go to the contralateral cortex for all areas of the body, except for oropharynx, larynx, perineum |
| What are the general sensations? | touch, pressure, temperature, pain |
| What are the specialized sensations? | vision, hearing, smell, taste |
| What is cortical blindness? | when the optical nerves in the occipital lobe are destroyed, but the eyes themselves still work fine |
Created by:
debmurph