| Question |
Answer |
| Lipids |
provide energy, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents |
| Classes of Lipids |
triglycerides, glycerolphospholipids, waxes, steroids |
| Triglycerides |
made from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| Glycerolphosholipids |
made from 1 glycerine, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate |
| Waxes |
1 fatty acid, & 1 alcohol, is an ester |
| Steroids |
4 ring system, contain a 4 ring system called steroid nucleus |
| Fatty Acids |
10-22 carbons, all even number of carbon, saturate of unsaturated |
| Saturated fatty acids |
solid at room temp, high melting points |
| Unsaturated fatty acids |
liquid at room temp, low melting point, in nature are cis |
| Palmitic acid |
saturated, C15H31COOH |
| Stearic Acid |
saturated, C17H35Cooh |
| Oleic Acid |
unsaturated, 1db, C17H33COOH (w-9) |
| Linoleic Acid |
unsaturated, 2db, C17H31COOH (w-6) |
| Linolenic Acid |
unsaturated, 3db, C17H29COOH (w-3) |
| Essential fatty acids |
body cannot make, must be obtained in diet, oleic linoleic and linolenic acid |
| Fat vs Oil |
Fat solid, high melting point, saturated
Oil liquid, low melting point, unsaturated |
| Monosaccharides |
polyalcohol, 1 aldehyde or ketone, 3-10 carbons, do not break down |
| Dissaccharides |
two monosaccharides |
| Maltose |
grain sugar, glucose + glucose |
| Lactose |
milk sugar, glucose + galactose |
| Sucrose |
table sugar, glucose + fructose |
| Polysaccharides |
large, many monosaccharides bonded by glycosidic bond |
| Proteins |
most important and largest family of biochemicals, have nitrogen and some have sugar, made from alpha amino acids |
| Proteins in nature, d or l? |
only have L |
| Cystine makes __ bonds |
disulfide |
| Glycine has no |
chiral center |
| primary structure |
peptide bond |
| secondary structure |
h-bond on backbone |
| tertiary structure |
side chains can: h-bond, salt bridge, hydrophobic, disulfide |
| fibrous protein |
insoluble |
| globular protein |
soluble in blood and water |
| Oxidoreductase |
oxidation/ reduction |
| hydrolase |
add/ remove water |
| isomerase |
changes one isomer to another |
| ligase |
connects two molecules using ATP |
| Lyase |
Adds/ removes double bond without water |
| transferase |
transfers OH, NH, CH3.. from one molecule to another |
| Allosteric Enzyme |
has more than 1 binding site, use other binding site to regulate activity |
| Zymogens |
become active as needed |
| Competitive inhibitor |
resembles substrate, reversible- active site remains, irreversible- active site destroyed |
| Noncompetitive inhibitor |
does not resemble substrate, reversible- no shape change, irreversible- shape change |
| Nucleic acids |
polymers made of monomers called nucleotides, made of sugar phosphate & base |
| DNA |
Nucleus, store & transfer genetic code |
| RNA |
outside nucleus, synthesize protein |
| Heterocyclic |
have N in ring |
| Nucleoside |
base & sugar |
| Nucleotide |
base, sugar & po4 |
| mRNA |
carries info from DNA to cell to help synthesis of protein |
| tRNA |
picks up specific AAs for protein synthesis |
| rRNA |
helps synthesis of protein |
| DNA replication |
making new DNA using polymerase |
| Transcription |
synthesis of RNA with use of info from DNA |
| Translation |
synthesis of a specific protein using mRNA |
| Amylopectin |
storage of energy in plats |
| Amylose bond |
alpha 1,4 |
| Glycogen bond |
alpha 1,4 & alpha 1,6 |
| Cellulose bond |
beta 1,4 |
BIOL3326 Forms
