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Biochm Exam 3
Biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lipids | provide energy, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents |
| Classes of Lipids | triglycerides, glycerolphospholipids, waxes, steroids |
| Triglycerides | made from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| Glycerolphosholipids | made from 1 glycerine, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate |
| Waxes | 1 fatty acid, & 1 alcohol, is an ester |
| Steroids | 4 ring system, contain a 4 ring system called steroid nucleus |
| Fatty Acids | 10-22 carbons, all even number of carbon, saturate of unsaturated |
| Saturated fatty acids | solid at room temp, high melting points |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | liquid at room temp, low melting point, in nature are cis |
| Palmitic acid | saturated, C15H31COOH |
| Stearic Acid | saturated, C17H35Cooh |
| Oleic Acid | unsaturated, 1db, C17H33COOH (w-9) |
| Linoleic Acid | unsaturated, 2db, C17H31COOH (w-6) |
| Linolenic Acid | unsaturated, 3db, C17H29COOH (w-3) |
| Essential fatty acids | body cannot make, must be obtained in diet, oleic linoleic and linolenic acid |
| Fat vs Oil | Fat solid, high melting point, saturated Oil liquid, low melting point, unsaturated |
| Monosaccharides | polyalcohol, 1 aldehyde or ketone, 3-10 carbons, do not break down |
| Dissaccharides | two monosaccharides |
| Maltose | grain sugar, glucose + glucose |
| Lactose | milk sugar, glucose + galactose |
| Sucrose | table sugar, glucose + fructose |
| Polysaccharides | large, many monosaccharides bonded by glycosidic bond |
| Proteins | most important and largest family of biochemicals, have nitrogen and some have sugar, made from alpha amino acids |
| Proteins in nature, d or l? | only have L |
| Cystine makes __ bonds | disulfide |
| Glycine has no | chiral center |
| primary structure | peptide bond |
| secondary structure | h-bond on backbone |
| tertiary structure | side chains can: h-bond, salt bridge, hydrophobic, disulfide |
| fibrous protein | insoluble |
| globular protein | soluble in blood and water |
| Oxidoreductase | oxidation/ reduction |
| hydrolase | add/ remove water |
| isomerase | changes one isomer to another |
| ligase | connects two molecules using ATP |
| Lyase | Adds/ removes double bond without water |
| transferase | transfers OH, NH, CH3.. from one molecule to another |
| Allosteric Enzyme | has more than 1 binding site, use other binding site to regulate activity |
| Zymogens | become active as needed |
| Competitive inhibitor | resembles substrate, reversible- active site remains, irreversible- active site destroyed |
| Noncompetitive inhibitor | does not resemble substrate, reversible- no shape change, irreversible- shape change |
| Nucleic acids | polymers made of monomers called nucleotides, made of sugar phosphate & base |
| DNA | Nucleus, store & transfer genetic code |
| RNA | outside nucleus, synthesize protein |
| Heterocyclic | have N in ring |
| Nucleoside | base & sugar |
| Nucleotide | base, sugar & po4 |
| mRNA | carries info from DNA to cell to help synthesis of protein |
| tRNA | picks up specific AAs for protein synthesis |
| rRNA | helps synthesis of protein |
| DNA replication | making new DNA using polymerase |
| Transcription | synthesis of RNA with use of info from DNA |
| Translation | synthesis of a specific protein using mRNA |
| Amylopectin | storage of energy in plats |
| Amylose bond | alpha 1,4 |
| Glycogen bond | alpha 1,4 & alpha 1,6 |
| Cellulose bond | beta 1,4 |
Created by:
brit24