| Question |
Answer |
| spontaneous generation |
Hypothesis (disproven) stating that life could arise from nonliving matter |
| controlled experiment |
a test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all the other variables the same |
| manipulated variable |
factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes - also known as an independant variable |
| responding variable |
factor in an experiment that scientist wants to observe that may change in response to the manipulated variable |
| theory |
well tested explanation that unites a broad range of observations |
| biology |
science that seeks to understand the living world |
| sexual reproduction |
process by which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism |
| asexual reproduction |
process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
| metabolism |
set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life purposes |
| stimulus |
a signal to which an orgtanism responds - any kind of detectable signal that carries info |
| homeostasis |
process by which organisms maintain a relativfely stable internal environment |
| evolution |
changes in a kind or organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient org. |
| electron microscope |
microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a speciman |
| compound light microscope |
microscope that allows light to pass through a speciman and uses two lenses to form an image |
| cell culture |
group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell |
| cell fractionation |
technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated |
| The work of scientists usually begins with |
careful observation |
| Information gathered from observing changes during an experiment becomes |
data |
| You suggest the athe presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a |
hypothesis |
| Which of the folowing is not a part of how scientists work? |
guessing |
| The most important rule in the laboratory is |
following rules |
| Which of the following is NOT considered a safety procedure |
If in doubt about any part of an activity , trust your instinct |
| The component opf an experiment that you change is called the |
variable |
| Data that is numerical or can be measured is considered _____________ data |
quantitative |
| The ______________microscope used in most high school laboratories |
compound light |
| The process used by scientists to test a problem is thye |
scientific method |
| Biology |
Study of life |
| Zoology |
Study of animals |
| Botany |
Study of plants |
| Physics |
Study of physical world (motion energy) |
| Chemistry |
Study of chemicals |
| Oceanography |
Study of oceans |
| Gemology |
Study of gems |
| Geology |
Study of rocks |
| Volcanology |
Study of volcanoes |
| Astronomy |
Study of univers and beyond |
| List 7 steps of scientific method |
Observation, state the problem, research, create a hypothesis, design and conduct experiment, collect data, conclusion |
| Scientific method defined as |
process used by scientists to test a problem |
| parts of the microscope that magnify the specimen are the |
objectives |
| What are the 4 objectives on the microscopes in this lab |
4x, 10x, 40x, 100x |
| Which 2 parts do you carry it by |
arm and base |
| To focus an object you must turn the ______adjustment knob |
coarse |
| To clarify or sharpen an image you must turn the ________knob |
fine |
| You turn the ____________ to change the objective that you are using |
nose piece |
| What does the diaphragm do ? |
focuses the light on a specific area |
| experiment has 2 components... |
controls and variables |
| 2 types of variables... |
manipulated variable adn reponding variable |
| Early experiments of life...vitalism.. |
life generated by objects acquisition of "Ethers" ...led to idea of spont. gen.(flies from dead animals , mice came fr. hay) |
| Redi -experiment who? |
idea challenged by Francisco Redi in 1698 |
| Redi- experiment what? |
3 jars of meat,1 open, 1 covered airtight, 1 covered byh screen (ethers no flies), flies source of maggots Biogenesis |
| Biogenesis |
All life comes fr. pre-existing life |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhock |
first to observe cork cells and moving specimens in rain, ponds amnd dust...animalcules |
| John Needham |
wanted to disprove Redi used unsealed gravy- heated it (heat would kill all) life grew - said life came from gravy |
| Lazzars Spallanzani |
said hat Needham did not heat the gravy enough boiled 2 jars sealed one not other sealed one grew nothing! organisms came fr. air...supported Redi |
| Louis Pasteur |
was to settle the argument flask with curved neck open to air boiled.. no org. after a year broke neck off - quick organisms |
| "All living things come from other living things" |
Louis Pasteur conclusion |
| Properties of Life (8) |
Must be at least one cell Must be able to reproduce Must have hereditory material 5)Must be avble to obtain /use energy 6)Must be able to respond to environment 7)Most responses geared to maintaining *) org. must evolve |
| hereditory info |
DNA RNA |
| examples of homeostasis |
temperature, water content, pH of cell |
| examples of evolution |
plants surviving during times with little or no water |
| 10 levels of biological organization |
biosphere ecosystem community population organism organ system organ tissue cells molecules |
| biosphere |
all ecosystems |
| ecosystem |
community and non living surroundings |
| community |
groups of populations that live together |
| population |
number of specific type of organisms |
| organism |
individual living things |
| organ system |
group of organs with similar function |
| organ |
group of cells with similar function |
| tissue |
group of cells with similar function |
| cell |
basic unit life of life |
| molecules |
groups of atoms |
500 Words
