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Embryo 3 Final
More Embryo final questions. Cranial development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurulation began on day | 22 |
| cranial neuropore closed on day | 24 |
| how many neuromeres are in prosencephalon? | 6 |
| how many neuromeres are in mesencephalon | 1 |
| how many neuromeres are in the rhombencephalon | 9 |
| the prosencephalon and the telecephalon ________ while the mesencephalon remains _____________ | divide; the same |
| name the vessicles in craniocaudal sequence | telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon. |
| within the vesicles, the neural canal is dialated to form a | primitive ventricle |
| the primitve ventricle becomes | definitive ventricles of brain |
| the brain tube bends in 3 places,,,,where? | 1. midbrain (mesencephalic flexure) 2.junction of myelencephalon and spinal cord (cervical flexure) and 3. developing pons (metencephalon) |
| name 2 parts of brain stem | myelencephalon, metenceph-alon, and mesencephalon |
| the cerebellum is a deritive of what? | the metencephalon. |
| what is is divisible into two basal (ventral) columns or plates and two alar (dorsal) columns or plates. | Spinal cord |
| The alar columns possess what kind of neurons? | association |
| The basal columns contain what kind of neurons? | somatic and visceral motor neurons. |
| all CNS cell types except the microglia are derived from | neuroepithelium lining the neural canal |
| describe 3 waves of CNS cell formation | first neuroblasts form neurons, then glioblasts form neuroglia, and then the neuroepithelium lining the neural canal differentiates into ependymal cells. |
| the neuroblast layer will be the ____________ | gray matter |
| the marginal zone of nerve fibers produced by cells of the mantle layer will be the | white matter |
| dorsal margin of alar plate becomes | rhomib lip and gives rise to cerebellum |
| rhombencephalic roof plate is thin and covered by a layer of | pia mater |
| the roof plate develops | the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, |
| a specialized structure that secretes cerebrospinal fluid. | choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle |
| Cranial nerves III through XII arise from | nuclei in the brain stem, |
| Cranial nerves I and II arise from ? | forebrain |
| Sensory Cranial nerves | I,II,VIII |
| Motor and Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves | III |
| exclusively motor cranial nerves | IV, VI, XI, XII |
| Mixed sensory and motor cranial nerves | V |
| sensry, motor and parasymp cranial nerves | VII, IX, X |
| Somatic Efferent (SE) column | motor to the extrinsic ocular muscles |
| Branchial Efferent (also Special Visceral Efferent- SVE): innervate | muscles of the pharyngeal arches and the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. |
| Visceral Efferent (also General Visceral Efferent- GVE): innervate | innervate salivary and lacrimal glands, the viscera, the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles of the eye. |
| General Visceral Afferent (GVA): receives | interoceptive information via CN IX & X |
| Special Afferent (also Special Visceral Afferent- SVA): receives | taste |
| General Afferent (GA): receives | touch, temperature, pain, etc. information from the face, oral, nasal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cavities. |
| Special Afferent (also Special Somatic Afferent- SSA): receives | information on balance & hearing |
| The parasympathetic ganglia form two groups: | vagal ganglia in the walls of the viscera, and ganglia of CN III, VII, and IX which innervate structures in the head. |
| Ectodermal placodes include the | nasal, lens, or otic placodes as well as four epibranchial placodes |
| what is the portion of the brain stem most like the spinal cord functions as a relay center for pathways from the spinal cord to the higher centers, and contains centers for respiration, heartbeat, reflex movements, arousal, etc. | medulla Oblongata |
| This part of the brain stem serves mostly to relay information between the spinal cord and the cerebrum and cerebellum. | pons |
| This develops during the sixth week mostly from the rhombic lips of the metencephalon. | cerebellum |
| what forms Purkinje cells and Golgi cells | inner germinal layer |
| what forms basket neuroblasts, granule neuroblasts, and stellate neuroblasts, which will become cells of the same name | external germinal layer |
| what forms glioblasts which will become astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. | the germinal layers of cerebellar gray matter |
| The midbrain contains three cranial nerve nuclear groups...which ones ? | III, IV, and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. |
| Two oculomotor (III) nuclei originate in | the midbrain, |
| The midbrain neural canal remains narrow and becomes the | cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius). |
| The optic cups are outgrowths of the | diencephalon portion of forebrain |
| the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are outgrowths of what? | diencephalon portion of forebrain |
| The telencephalon gives rise to the | commissures and other structures that join them, as well as the olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts. |
| what forms the paired choroid plexuses of the third ventricle. | The diencephalic roof plate of forebrain |
| the lateral diverticulae of the telencephalon. form the | cerebral hemispheres |
| the corpus striatu is part of the "so called" what? | basal ganglia |
| The largest portion of the cerebral hemispheres develop into the | cerebral cortex. |
| The anterior commissure of forebrain connects | the olfactory bulbs and other olfactory centers during week 7. |
| The hippocampal or fornix commissure connects | the right and left hippocampi in the 9th week. |
| The massive corpus callosum connects the | right and left neocortices |
| neuronal histogenesis is regulated by | neurotrophic factors, neuron-glia interactions, extracellular matrix molecules, and sex steroids. |
Created by:
tpingel