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VCE Biol Unit 4 AOS1
drbbs key definitions for VCE Biology Unit 4 AOS1 - Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| different forms or variations of a gene | allele |
| a chromosomal abnormality in which there is a missing or an extra chromosome | aneuploidy |
| a three base triplet on a molecule of tRNA which will pair with its complementary codon on a molecule of mRNA | anticodon |
| programmed cell death | apoptosis |
| non-sex chromosome | autosome |
| structure in the nucleus of female cells formed from the inactivated X chromosome | Barr body |
| method of reproduction of bacteria, involves replication of chromosome before cell splits in two | binary fission |
| complementary DNA made from a template strand of mRNA by the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase | cDNA |
| A pattern of inheritance in which heterozygous individuals have a phenotype different from the phenotypes of both of the homozygous individuals, and the effects of two different alleles are both evident in the phenotype. | co-dominance |
| a three base triplet in mRNA which codes for a particular amino acid | codon |
| the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis | crossing over and recombination |
| sugar molecule which lackes the 3'OH group. Can bond with growing DNA strand, but the strand can grow no further | dideoxyribose |
| cells which have two full sets of chromosomes (2n), usually somatic cells. | diploid |
| an enzyme which joins short segments of DNA by creating bonds between the phosphate backbone of the molecules | DNA ligase |
| the determination of the actual sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand | DNA sequencing |
| a three base sequence of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid | DNA triplet |
| a phenotype which is expressed in the heterozygous individual and masks the affect of one allele | dominant |
| parts of a gene which contain the base sequences which code for the amino acids needed to build a protein molecule | exon |
| the basic unit of heredity | gene |
| how the information encoded in your DNA ultimately affects the way you look and how you function. | gene expression |
| genes which are on the same chromosome | linked genes |
| regulation of the extent to which a gene is expressed in a cell | gene regulation |
| the total genetic material within a cell, individual or a species | genome |
| cells which have only one set of chromosomes (n), usually gametes | haploid |
| having only one copy of a sex linked gene; males in mammals | hemizygous |
| the sex which can produce gametes with one of two different sex chromosomes | heterogametic |
| having two different alleles at homologous gene loci | heterozygous |
| having two copies of the same allele at homologous gene loci | homozygous |
| non-coding segments of DNA spliced between the exons | introns |
| the position of a gene on a chromosome | locus |
| single stranded nucleic acid which is transcribed from DNA and carries the instructions for protein manufacture from the nucleus to the ribosomes | mRNA |
| any influence which increases the rate of mutationof DNA. May be physical or chemical. | mutagen |
| any change in the arrangement or amount of DNA in a cell or virus | mutation |
| an individual unit in a nucleic acid molecule | nucleotide |
| a small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria. Often used as a vector in genetic engineering. | plasmid |
| a trait influenced by many genes | polygenic |
| a gene that influences many traits | pleiotrophic |
| the condition in which an individual organism has more than two full sets of chromosomes in its somatic cells (3n, 4n etc) | polyploidy |
| a phenotype which is expressed only in homozygous individuals | recessive |
| a sequence of bases in a DNA molecule which is cut by a particular restriction enzyme | recognition site |
| a phenotype which arises when new allele combinations are created by crossing over | recombinant phenotype |
| an enzyme necessary for transcription | RNA polymerase |
| genes which are present on the sex chromosomes, usually the X in mammals | sex linked |
| involves the fusion of two specialized cells, gametes, which contain half of the genetic information required by the new organism. | sexual reproduction |
| crossing an individual showing the dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual in order to determine its genotype | test cross |
| the production of a molecule of pre-mRNA from a DNA template | transcription |
| an organism containing some DNA from a different species | transgenic |
| the production of a protein molecule from the instructions contained in a molecule of mRNA | translation |
| a small RNA molecule bearing an anticodon and an amino acid molecule | tRNA |
Created by:
cindybb
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