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biology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their enviornment survive and reproduce most successfully |
| artificial selection | selection by humans for breeding useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms |
| survival of the fittest | process by which individuals that are better suited to their enviornment survive and reproduce most successfully |
| fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its enviornment |
| gene pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
| adaptions | inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival |
| reproductive isolation | seperation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| geographic isolation | two populations are separated physicall by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water |
| evolution | change in an organism over time |
| mutation | change in a dna sequence that affects genetic info |
| coevolution | process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| virus | particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells |
| bacteria | domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans |
| pathogens | disease-causing agent |
| lytic virus | process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself and causes the cell to burst |
| lysogenic virus | process by which a virus embeds its dna into the dna of the host cell and its replicated along with the host cells dna |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| hyphae | tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or water mold |
| rhizoid | a rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an object, in mosses along the cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from surrounding soil |
| mycelium | many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass comprises bodies of multicellular fungi |
| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| prokaryote | a single celled organism lacking a nucleus |
| eukaryotes | orgnism whose cells contain nuclei |
| multicellular | more than one cell |
| unicellular | one cell |
| angiosperms | flowering plants; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed |
| gymnosperms | seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surface of cones |
| cones | cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains |
| seeds | embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply |
| pollen | male gametophyte in seed plants |
| plant ovary | a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophtes are produced |
| dicot | angiosperm whose seeds have two cotyledons |
| monocot | angiosperm whose seeds have one cotyledon |
| xylem | vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant |
| phloem | vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohdrates produced by photosynthesis |
| taproot | primary foot found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than other roots |
| fibrous root | part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single rootgrows larger than the rest |
| diffusion | molecules tend to move to an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| transpiration | loss of water from a plant through its leaves |
| capillary action | tendency of water to rise in a thin tube |
| tree rings | tells tree age |
| guard cell | controls the opening and closing of stomata by responding to water pressure |
| stoma | opening in the underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf |
| bilateral symmetry | body plan in which only a single imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves |
| radial symmetry | body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body |
| asymmetry | lack of balance or symmetry |
| nerve net | loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli |
| nematocysts | the stinging structure within each cnidocyte of a cnidarian, used to poison or kill prey |
| polyp | usually sessile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a cylindrical body with arm like tenticles |
| medusa | motile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a bell shaped body |
| ganglia | group of nerve cells |
| eye spot | group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in the enviornment |
| segmentation | dividing into segments |
| setae | bristle attached to the segments of many annelids |
| coelom | fluid filled body cavity lined with mesoderm |
| mantle | thin layer of tissue that covers most of a mollusks body |
| visceral mass | area beneath the mantle of a mollusk that contains the internal organs |
| foot | muscular part of a mollusk |
| exoskeleton | tough external covering that protects and supports the body of man invertebrates |
| molting | process in which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take its place |
| book lungs | organ tat has layers of respirator tissue stacked like the pages of a book |
| endoskeleton | structural support located inside the body of an animal |
| closed circulatory system | system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels |
| open circulatory system | system in which blood is not always contained within a network of blood vessels |
| vertebrate | animal that has a vertebral column or backbone |
| invertebrates | animal that does not have a backbone or vertebral column |
| lungs | spongy saclike respiratory organs occupying the chest cavity together with the heart to remove carbon dioxide from blood adn replaces it with oxygen |
| swim bladder | internal gas-filled organ in many bony fishes that adjusts their buoyancy |
| gills | filamentous organ in aquatic animals specialized for the exchange of gases with water |
| exothermic | releasing heat |
| air sacs | allows for the one way flow of air through the respiratory system of birds |
| endothermic | animal that generates its own body heat and controls its body temperature from within |
| monotreme | egg laying mammal |
| placental | membranous vascular organ that develops in female mammals, lining the uterine wall and partially enveloping fetus attached by umbillical cord |
| marsupial | mammal which bears live young that complete their development in an external pouch |
| ossification | process of bone formation during which cartilage is replaced by bone |
| ligament | strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint |
| tendon | tough connective tissue thats joins skeletal muscles to bones |
| lymphatic system | interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body and tissue and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body |
| blood pressure | pressure exerted by blood against walls of the blood vessels especially the arteries |
Created by:
allie marie