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Anthrpology 102
Final Exam Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Levalloisian technique | tool making technique by which three or four long triangular flakes were detached from a specially prepared core. Developed by members of the genus homo transitional from h. erectus and h. sapiens. |
| neanderthals | a distance group within the genus homo inhabiting europe and southwest asia from approximately 30,000 to 125, 000 years ago. |
| middle paleolithic | the middle part of the old stone age characterized by the development of the mousterian tradition of tool making and the earlier levalloisian traditions |
| Mousterian tradition | The tool industry of the Neandertals and their contemporaries of Europe, Southwest Asia, and northern Africa from 40,000 to 125, 000 years ago. |
| Multiregional hypothesis | the hypothesis that modern humans originated through a process of simultaneous local transition from homo erectus to homo sapiens throughout the inhabited world. |
| recent African origins or "Eve" hypothesis | the hypothesis that all modern people are derived from one single population or archaic homo spaiens from Africa who migraded out of Africa after 100,000 years ago, replacing all other archaic forms due to their superior cultural capabilities. |
| blade technique | a technique of stone tool manufacture by which long parallel sided flakes are struck off the edges of a specially prepared core. |
| pressure flaking | a technique o stone tool manufacture in which a bone, antler, or wooden tool is used to press, rather than strike off, small flakes from apiece of flint or similar stone |
| entoptic phenomena | bright pulsating forms that are generated by the central nervous system and seen in states of trance |
| Sahul | the greater Australian landmass including Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania. At time of maximum glaciation and low sea levels, these areas were continuous. |
| Sunda | The combined landmass of the contemporary island of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Bali that was continious with mainland Southeast Asia at times of low sea levels, corresponding to maximum glaciation. |
| cognitive capacity | A broad concept including intelligence, educability, concept formation, self awareness, self evaluation, attention span, sensitivity in discrimination and creativity |
| Neolithic | The New Stone Age; prehistoric period beginning about 10,000 years ago in which peoples possessed stone-based technologies and depended on domesticated crops and/or animals |
| Mesolithic | The Middle Stone Age period between the end of the Paleolithic and the start of the Neolithic; referreed to as Archaic cultures in the Americas. |
| Archaic cultures | Term used to refer to Mesolithic cultures in the Americas |
| Microlith | A small blade of flint or similar stone, several of which were hafted together in wooden handles to make tools; widespread in the Mesolithic. |
| Natufian Culture | A Mesolithic culture living in the lands that are now Isreal, Lebanon, and western Syria, between about 10,200 and 12,500 years ago. |
| Domestication | An evolutionary process whereby humans modify, either intentionally or unintentionally, the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals, sometimes to the extent that members of the population are unable to survive and reproduce without human help |
| vegeculture | The cultivation of domesticated room crops, such as yams and taro. |
| Mesoamerica | The region encompassing southern Mexico and northern Central America |
| Horticulture | Cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes. |
| Agriculture | Intensive crop cultivation, employing blows, fertilizers, and/or irrigation. |
| Pastoralism | Breeding and managing migratory herds of domesticated grazing animals, such as goats, sheep cattle, llamas, or camels. |
| race | In biology, the taxonomic category of subspecies that is not applicable to humans because the ivision of humans into discrete types does not represent the true nature of human biological variation. In some societies race is an important social category. |
| racism | A doctrine of superiority by which one group justifies the dehumanization of others based on their distinctive physical characteristics. |
| ploymorphic | A term to describe species with alternative forms of particular genes. |
| polytypic | the expression of genetic variants in different frequencies in different populations. |
| cline | A gradual change in the frequency of an allele or trait over space |
| epicanthic eye fold | A fold of skin at the inner corner of the eye that covers the true corner of the eye; common in Asiatic populations |
| Lactose | A sugar that is the primary constituent of fresh milk. |
| Lactase | An enzyme in the small intestine that enables humans to assimilate lactose. |
| Thrify genotype | Human genotype that permits efficient storage of far to draw on in times of food shortage and conservation of glucose and nitorgen |
| Melanin | the chemical responsible for dark skin pigmentations that helps protect against damage from ultraviolet radiation. |
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