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Pharm test 2 ?s
Pharm test 2 random questions lilk8tob
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NSAIDs work by | Inhibiting the arachidonic pathway (the pathway that causes inflammation, pain and fever |
| Benefit of COX-2 inhibitors | These do not inhibit COX-1 activity (which normally maintains an intact GI mucosa)- GI ulceration is lessened |
| Aspirin's unique property | helps prevent platelet aggregation |
| Signs of chronic salicylism in adults | tinnitus and hearing loss |
| signs of chronic salicylism in children: | hyperventilation and CNS effects (dizziness, drowsiness, behavior changes) |
| Is a nonsalicylate NSAID overdose (non-aspirin) worse than a salicylate OD? | No, the symptoms are less dangerous in nonsalicylate OD |
| NSAIDs + alcohol = | increased GI bleeding |
| NSAIDS + anticoagulants = | increased bleeding tendencies, platelet inhibition |
| Aspirin & other salicylates + NSAIDS = | Increased GI toxicity w/ no therapeutic advantage |
| acetylsalicylic acid AKA: | Aspirin (ASA) |
| Only NSAID available in oral, opthalamic & parenteral dosage forms | Ketorolac (Toradol) |
| Gout is caused by | excessive uric acid prodiction, causing urate crystals to form in the joint & initiate an inflammatory response |
| how does allopurinol (Zyloprim) work? | prevents uric acid production (gout caused by excessive uric acid) |
| Side effects of allopurinol (Zyloprim) *antigout* | blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis (low WBC), aplastic anemia, and exfoliative dermatitis (fatal) |
| Patients at higher risk for allergic reactions to salicylates (aspirin) | asthma patients |
| Why not give aspirin to children under 12? | risk of Reye's syndrome ~ life-threatening encephalopathy, liver damage (occurs after chickenpox w/ aspirin) |
| Special considerations for allopurinol (Zyloprim) | Increase fluid intake to 3-4L/day, don't use alcohol or caffeine (these increase uric acid levels & decrease level of drug) |
| How do immunosuppressants work? | Selectively suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines, thereby preventing their involvement in the immune response |
| Indications for immunosuppressants (3) | prevention of organ rejection, rheumatid arthritis, MS |
| Contraindications for immunosuppressants | renal or hepatic failure, hypertension, current radiation therapy |
| Side effects of azathioprine and cyclosporine | blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
| side effects of muromonab-CD3 | chest pain, chills, GI symptoms, flulike symptoms, fluid retention |
| immunosuppressants- check these functions: | renal and liver |
| lab values needed w/ cyclosporine | Hgb, Hct, WBC & platelet before, during and after therapy |
| Might need ____ while taking cyclosporine | antifungal for Candida infections of the oral cavity (check for white patches) |
| Antibiotics in the beta-lactam group | penicillins, cephalosporins |
| Sulfonamides are used primarily for: | Treatment of UTIs because they reach high kidney concentrations |
| Most common reaction to sulfonamides | delayed cutaneous reaction; fever followed by rash |
| Bactrim used for: | UTI's, respiratory infections, ear infections |
| Penicillins destroy: +/- | Gram + (very little effect on G-) |
| Most common allergic rxns to Penicillins | urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching) and angioedema |
| Important patient warning about penicillins: | decrease effectiveness of BC pills |
| Drug group closely related to Penicillins | cephalosporins |
| 1st gen. cephalosporin effective against: | G+ |
| 2nd gen. cephalosporin effective against: | intermediate G+ and G- |
| 3rd generation cephalosporin effective against | best G-, less G+ than 1st and 2nd generations |
| 4th gen. cephalosporin effective against | strong G-, but better G+ than the 3rd generation |
| Important warning for patients on cephalosporins | Decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills |
| Cefazolin sodium (Ancef, Kefzol) effective against | G+ |
| Which drug can pass through the meninges and diffuse into the CSF? | ceftriaxone (Rocephin) a cephalosporin |
| This drug increases the motility of the GI tract | Erythromycin (EryPed, EES) a macrolide |
| Causes tooth discoloration | Tetracycline |
| Tetracyclines are drugs of choice for: | chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia |
| the "big guns" - bacteriocidal antibiotics that destroy bacteria (can't be given orally); are very potent, so are reserved for the more serious infections | Aminoglycosides |
| Aminoglycosides toxicities | ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
| blood tests to do while on aminoglycosides | BUN, creatitine |
| This drug can affect the cartilage development in children | Quinolones |
| Quinolones are used for: | UTI's, STD's, Anthrax, typhoid fever, lower resp., skin infections |
| Don't take these things while on Quinolones | antacids, iron or zinc |
| Kills difficult-to-kill bacteria, such as Pseudomonas | Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) |
| antibiotic of choice for treatment of MRSA infection | Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
| Vancomycin (Vancocin) is not effective against: | G-, fungi, or yeast |
| Side effects of vancomycin (Vancocin) | ototoxicity, neprhotoxicity, *need specific drug level in body |
| Redman's syndrome might occur with | Vancomycin |
| Symptoms of Redman's syndrome | low BP, flushing of neck and face |
| How do antiviral meds work? | interfere w/ viral replication |
| What are slow acetylators? | People with a genetic defect that causes a deficiency in the enzyme needed to metabolize isoniazid (TB drug) |
| Isoniazid (INH) is metabolized in the : | liver |
| Don't mix Isoniazid (INH) and: | alcohol |
| Fungal infection is called | mycosis |
| antifungal drugs are hard on the | liver |
| antifungal that can pass into CSF | fluconazole (Diflucan) |
| do not take what with metronidazole (Flagyl) | alcohol |
| side effects of metronidazole (Flagyl) antiprotozoal | headache, dizziness, blurred vision, metallic tasts, abdominal cramps, dark urine, leukopenia, bone marrow depression, rash, flushing |
| Do not take Metronidazole when? | during 1st trimester of preg. |
| Mebendazole (Vermox) is used for | roundworm and a few types of tapeworm infections |
| Side effects of Mebendazole (Vermox) | myelosuppression (suppression of the bone marrow's production of blood cells and platelets), diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Liver blood tests while on antifungals | ALT and AST |
| Must treat whole family with this drug | Mebendazole (Vermox) - antihelmintic |
Created by:
lilk8tob