Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Integumentary Sys
General
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest organ n the human body? | Skin |
| Besides skin, what other structures are included in the integumentary system? | Hair and nails |
| What are the functions of skin? | protection (UV radiation & environment), temperature regulation, Vitamin D synthesis |
| What are the 2 main layers of the skin? | epidermis (surface) and the dermis (below the epidermis) |
| Describe the epidermis | It has a number of sheets of squamous epithelial cells; most of its cells are dead. It has 5 layers with 2 types of cells: keratinocytes and melanocytes |
| Describe the 2 types of cells in the epidermis | keratinocytes synthesize keratin (structural protein) giving skin it's toughness and waterproof properties; melanocytes synthesize melanin (pigment-color & protects the skin from UV radiation); originates in the basale layer, reaches into the spinosum |
| Name the 5 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale (CORey Loves GRANdma's SPINach and BASil)(the deepest 2 layers are also referred to as the stratum germinativum) |
| Describe the stratum corneum | 25-30 sheets of stratified squamous eipthelia laden with keratin (i.e. keratinized); dead cells on surface layers; contains glycolipid between its cells |
| Describe the stratum lucidum | present only in thick skin (palms & soles); absent in thin skin |
| Describe the stratum granulosum | cells filled with keratohyline granules; this is the most superficial layer supplied with blood; cells above this layer die |
| Describe stratum basale and stratum spinosum | stratum basale: deepest of the layers; one layer thick; only layer where cell division (mitosis) takes place (i.e. the layer where new cells are created); stratum spinosum: above the basale layer, several layers thick and contains web-like fibers |
| What are the 2 layers of the dermis? What percentage is each layer? | Superior (superficial) layer - papillary layer - upper 20%; deep reticular layer - lower 80% |
| What is the dermal papillary? | The superior aspect of the papillary forms ridges - this is how our fingerprints are formed; has thin, numerous blood vessels; contains nerves, fibers, and touch receptors (Meissner's Corpuscle) |
| What are the 3 types of nerves in the dermis? What do they react to? | Meissner's corpuscle - light touch; Pacinian corpuscle - pressure; bare nerve endings - pain |
| Describe the reticular layer of the dermis | It is made up of dense irregular connective tissue; the arrangement of the fibers creates flexure lines (also called lines of cleavage or Langer's lines); this provides extra skin at the joints |
| Describe the other consequences of flexure lines | gives rise to cleavage lines (surgeons must follow these lines for good cosmetic results in surgery); also gives rise to stria (stretch marks) from pregnancy, losing weight, and Cushings disease |
| What layer does the skin rest on and describe it, including its function? | the hypodermis - it is made up of adipose tissue (fat); provides insulation (heat), anchors the skin to the muscles, allows skin to slide over underlying connective tissue, and absorbs shock; this layer is also called the subcutaneous layer |
| What are the different types of skin appendages? | hair, glands (sebaceous, sweat, ceruminous, mammary) and arrector pili muscles |
| Describe the hair, including the 2 different types | Hair is made of keratin. The hair follicle is the space containing the hair. Vellus hair is hair found in newborns through puberty; terminal hair is found from puberty through adults |
| Describe the sweat glands found in the skin | eccrine - secretes sweat (98% NaCl solution), vitamins, drugs - found in palms, soles, forehead; apocrine - active at puberty; contains NaCl, H2O, fatty substance (sexual attraction) - found in axillary & anogenital areas; duct empties into hair follicle |
| Describe the sebaceous gland | it opens into the hair follicle and produces sebum (oil); not present on palms or soles; becomes active at puberty; this is a holocrine gland consisting of simple alveolar tissue |
| Describe the ceruminous glands | they are an apocrine type of gland; they secrete cerumen (wax) and are found only in the ear; they protect against small insects and microorganisms |
| Describe the mammary glands | they are modified sweat glands which are modified to produce milk |
| How does the arrector pili muscle work? | It attaches to the hair follicle; when the muscle contracts (shortens), it causes the hair to stand up straight (goosebumps) |
| Describe the nail | nails grow from the nail matrix or nail root which is found near the tips of the fingers and toes; the nail is filled with keratin; it rests on a bed of tissue filled with blood vessels |
| What are the components of the hair follicle? | root, shaft, papillae (with blood vessels), root hair plexus, arrector pili muscle |
| What are the components of the nail? | free edge, body, lateral nail fold, lunula, eponychium (cuticle) |
Created by:
debmurph