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RT Concepts2
Rad Protection, Filtration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of dosimeters? | Field survey instruments and personnel monitoring devices |
| The OSL contains a thin strip of _______ ________. | Aluminum oxide |
| The OSL can report doses from as low as _________ with a precision of +/- 1 mrem. | 1 mrem |
| When a film badge is exposed to radiation, the ___ ______ darkens in proportion to the degree of radiation exposure received. | Film emulsion |
| A film badge's density can be measured with a(n) ___________. | Densitometer |
| What 3 metals are used as filtering metals in a film badge? | Aluminum, Cadmium, and Copper |
| Film badges can measure exposures in the range of approximately _____ to ___________. | 10 mrem (0.1 mSv) to 2000 rem (20 Sv) |
| The thermoluminescent dosimenter (TLD) contains small chips of ________ ________. | Lithium fluoride |
| The measuring capabilities of the TLD are ____________ to those of a film badge. | Similar |
| An advantage of the pocket dosimeter is _________ ____________. | Immediate readout |
| In dosimetry reporting, the radiation exposure reading is expressed in ______. | Millirem |
| What is the synonym for deterministic? | Nonstochastic |
| Stochastic effects are those for which _____ _____ dose of radiation exists. | No threshold |
| Examples of stochastic effects are? | Cancer, genetic effects |
| Deterministic effects are those for which _____ ________ is assumed. | threshold dose |
| Examples of deterministic effects include? | Cataracts, skin erythema, sterility |
| ________ barriers can be struck by useful beam exiting the x-ray tube. | Primary |
| ____________ barriers can only be struck by scattered and leakage radiation. | Secondary |
| __________ barriers are always thinner than __________ barriers. | Secondary, primary |
| Protective aprons must possess a minimum of ________ lead equivalent. | 0.5 mm |
| Lead gloves must possess _________ lead equivalent. | 0.25 mm |
| Increasing kVp alone will __________ patient dose. | Increase |
| To reduce patient dose, a(n) __________ must be accompanied by a reduction in mAs to maintain an acceptable exposure. | Reduction |
| The NCRP recommends a minimum total filtration of ____________ for x-ray equipment operating above 70 kVp. | 2.5 mm Al/Eq |
| When filtration is increased, technical factors need to be ____________. | Increased |
| The monthly equivalent dose limit for an embryo should not exceed _______ once pregnancy is known. | 0.05 rem/50 mrem/0.5 mSv |
| The dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus during the entire pregnancy of a declared pregnant woman cannot exceed __________. | 5 mSv/500 mrem |
| The _______ _________ states that elective abdominal x-ray examinations of fertile women should be postponed until the 10-day period following the onset of menstruation. | 10-day rule |
| __________ is the process of eliminating undesirable low-energy x-ray photons by insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam. | Filtration |
| Filtration is also known as _________________. | Hardening the beam |
| _______ _________ __________ is that amount of absorbing material that will reduce intensity of the primary beam to one-half its original value. | Half-value layer |
| A typical x-ray tube might have a total inherent filtration of _______ to _________ Al/Eq. | 0.5, 1.0 mm |
| Collimators average ____________ Al/Eq | 1.0mm |
| Compound filters place the _________ atomic number material closest to the tube and the ___________ atomic number material closest to the patient. | Highest, lowest |
| An example of a compound filter is the ____ filter. | Thoreaus |
| A ________ filter is designed to solve problems involving unequal subject densities. | Compensating |
| The _______ portions of the filter are matched to the ______ ________ body parts. | Thicker, less dense |
| A T-spine and venography would employ a ______ filter. | Wedge |
| A ______ filter is useful to even density differences between the mediastinum and the lungs on a chest x-ray. | Trough |
Created by:
rad1958tech