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Heart as a Pump 2

Heart as a Pump 2 - Physiology - Test 2

QuestionAnswer
Describe the atrioventricular valves (AV valves). Thin flaps of fibrous tissue covered with endothelium, which is continuous with the endocardium.
What is described by the statement, "Thin flaps of fibrous tissue covered with endothelium, which is continuous with the endocardium"? Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Where are the free edges of the atrioventricular valves (AV valves) attached? To the papillary muscles by the chordae tendinae
The chordae tendinae attach the _____ to the papillary muscles. AV valves
The __________ attach the AV valves to the papillary muscles. Chordae tendinae
The chordae tendinae attach the AV valves to the ____________. Papillary muscles
What serves as anchors to prevent eversion of the AV valves into the atria during ventricular contraction? Papillary muscles
Opening and closing of the atrioventricular valves __________ (requires energy / is passive). Is passive
What is the opening and closing of the atrioventricular valves dependent on? Atrial/ventricular pressure differentials
What are the semilunar valves called? Pulmonic and aortic valves
What are the three cup-like cusps of the semilunar valves attached to at the base? Fibrous valve rings (annulus fibrosis)
What is an annulus fibrosis? The fibrous valve rings to which the three cup-like cusps
What causes the semilunar valves to open? They open when the ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure
What causes the semilunar valves to close? They close when the arterial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure
How many cusps are found on the semilunar valves? Three
What is the outermost layer of the heart called? Epicardium
What is the visceral layer of the pericardium? Epicardium
The visceral pericardium is a _______ layer of mesothelial cells overlaying a layer of elastic connective tissue. Single
The visceral pericardium is a single layer of ____________ cells overlaying a layer of elastic connective tissue. Mesothelial
The visceral pericardium is a single layer of mesothelial cells overlaying a layer of __________. Elastic connective tissue
What does the deep layer of the visceral pericardium contain? Blood vessels, nerves and fat
The epicardium is a _______ layer of mesothelial cells overlaying a layer of elastic connective tissue. Single
The epicardium is a single layer of ____________ cells overlaying a layer of elastic connective tissue. Mesothelial
The epicardium is a single layer of mesothelial cells overlaying a layer of __________. Elastic connective tissue
What does the deep layer of the epicardium contain? Blood vessels, nerves and fat
What is the middle layer of the heart called? Myocardium
Which layer of the heart contracts to pump blood? Myocardium
Which layer of the heart is composed of a special form of striated muscle which is known as cardiac muscle? Myocardium
What kind of layers is the myocardium made of? Fibrous layer
What are the muscle layers of the myocardium arranged within? Cardiac skeleton
What is the cardiac skeleton composed of? Tough, fibrous connective tissue
What does the cardiac skeleton do? Supports the muscle layers of the myocardium
The cardiac skeleton is continuous with the connective tissue of the ________ and ________. Epicardium; endocardium
What is the innermost layer of the heart? Endocardium
What layer of the heart is in contact with the blood? Endocardium
What layer of the heart is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels? Endocardium
What type of cells is the endocardium composed of? Thin endothelial cells
Why is the endocardium composed of thin endothelial cells? Because it is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels
What presents a smooth, nearly friction-free surface for the flow of blood in the heart? Endocardium
What binds the endocardium firmly to the myocardium and is continuous with the cardiac skeleton? Loose connective tissue
Created by: P1StudyStack
 

 



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