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Cerebellum
WVSOM -- Medical Neuroscience -- Cerebellum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the cerebellum? | regulation or control of movements, particularly skilled movements. |
| What is the primary role of the cerebellum? | detect the difference or motor error between an intended movement and the actual movement, and then thru its conne tions with upper motor neurons to reduce the error. |
| When does the cerebellum affect a motor act? | BOTH while it is in progress AND before it is executed |
| What is the cerebellum’s secondary role? | to maintain posture, muscle tone and equilibrium |
| Where does the cerebellum receive a continuous stream of inputs? | recptors inmuscles, tendons, joints, skin and form the vestibular, visual and auditory centers. |
| Is the cerebellum involved in conscious perception? | NO even with the multiple sensory inputs |
| Where do cerebellar efferents go? | brain stem, spinal cord and the cortex via the VL nucleus of the thalamus |
| What efferents go to the VL nucleus? | basal ganglia and cerebellar efferents |
| What three parts does the cerebellum consist of? | Cortex, white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei |
| What are the 4 nuclei of the deep cerebellar nuclei? | dentate nucleusemboliform nucleus, globose nucleus and fastigial nucleus |
| What makes up the interposed nuclei? | the globose and emboliform nucleus |
| What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum? | anterior lobe, posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe |
| What is the largest lobe? | posterior lobe |
| What is the smallest lobe? | flocculonodular lobe |
| What are folds in the cerebellum called? | folia |
| How many folia are in the cerebellum? | 10 with 1 being most rostral and 10 being most caudal |
| What is the largest part of the hindbrain? | cerebellum |
| What are peduncles? | pairs of fiber bundles in which the axons and pathways travel thru |
| What are the 3 pairs of peduncles? | superior cerebella peduncle, middle cerebellar pduncle and inferior cerebellar peduncle |
| What is the vestibulocerebellum? | functional term for flocculonodular lobe |
| What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum? | influences eye movement and controlling posture and equilibrium via connections with vestibular system |
| What is the spinocerebellum? | consists of vermal and paravermal areas of the cerebellar cortex |
| What is the function of the spinocerebellum? | receives extensive input from the spinal cord and is concerned with control of movements via descending spinal pathways. |
| Where does the spinocerebellum send projections to? | fastigialand interposed nuclei |
| What kind of connections does the vestibulocerebellum have? | reciprocal connections with vestibular nuclei. |
| What is the cerebrocerebellum? | consists of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres |
| Where does the cerebrocerebellum send projections to? | extensive thalamocortical projections |
| What is the function of there cerebrocerebellum? | concerned with the coordination of the distal limb movements via connections with corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts |
| What are the 5 cell types found in the cerebellar cortex? | purkinje, stellate, basket, golgi and granule |
| What do granule cells secrete? | glutamate |
| What cell types secrete GABA? | purkinje, stellate, basket, and golgi |
| What cell types are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum? | stellate and basket cells |
| Where are granule cells found? | granule layer |
| What are the axons that project into the cerebellum? | mossy fibers and climbing fibers; they are excitatory |
| What are climbing fibers? | climbing fibers sends sensory information about motor and sensory systems into the cerebellum from the inferior olive |
| What happens when the cerebellum is excited? | activation of granule cells and cerebellar nuclei. |
| What does activation of granule cells do? | activate purkinje cells |
| What do purkinje cells do? | inhibitory and project axons into the cerebellar nuclei which then in turn project axons out to the cerebellum |
| What are the 3 main pathways of the cerebellum? | vestibulocerebellar pathway, spinocerebellar pathway and cerebrocerebellar pathway |
| What does the vestibular system do? | provides information about the dynamics of head movement to the cerebellum permitting it to integrate and process this information and send it back down to the vestibular nuclei |
| What travels thru the cerebellar peduncles in the vestibulocerebellar pathway? | cerebellar afferents and efferents |
| What does the spinocerebellar pathway consist of? | vermis and the intermediate zone |
| What are the 3 spinocerebellar inputs to the cerebellum? | Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, ventral spinocerebellar tract and the cuneocerebellar tract |
| What do the 3 spinocerebellar tracts convey information for? | concerning muscle length and changes in length, tension in tendons and touch and pressure from skin to the cerebellum for unconscious control of movements |
| What receptors are involved in the spinoccerebellar pathway? | GTOSs, muscle spindles, touchadn pressure receptors |
| What is the make up of the cerebrocerebellum? | most of the cerebellar hemispheres |
| Where does neocortical input to the cerebellum arise from? | nearly all the ccerebral cortex but most dense are brodmann’s areas 4, 3012 and 17 |
| What is dysmetria? | overshooting and undershooting movements |
| What is dysdiadochokinesia? | inability to perform rapid, alternating movements |
| What does alcohol do to cerebellar function? | disrupts cerebellar function and results in inaccurate movements |
| What are ataxic movements? | jerky and inaccurate movements |
| What is the hallmark of cerebellar damage? | difficulty producing smooth and accurate movements |
Created by:
tjamrose