1) shearing2) tension3) compression

pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that is becomes thinner in the middle

squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

1) strike-slip2) normal3) reverse

Rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion

The fault is at an agle, so one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault.

Has the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in the opposite direction

Where do faults typically occur?

Usually around plate boundaries

A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor.

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.

3 types of seismic waves

1) Primary waves2) Secondary waves3) Surface waves

The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accorion.

These come after the primary waves. Vibrate from side to side as well as up and down.

Form when S and P waves reach the Earth's surface. They produce the most severe ground movements.

How do we measure earthquakes?

Developed by Charles Richeter in 1935. It is a rating of the size of seismic waves as measured by a particular type of seismograph.

Generally non-eplosive volcanoes. Most of the Earth's vocanism occurs along divergent boundaries, but eruptions often occur unobserved because divergent boundaries are ocvered by the oceans.

Most of the world's above-sea volcanoes are located along these boundaries, which are also called subduction zones. They account for more than 80 percent of documented historical eruptions, mostly explosive.

Fixed places within the mantle or oceanic lithosphere, where rocks melt to generate magma.

Examples of hotspots:

1) Hawaii2) Iceland3) Bermuda4) Cape Verde

Magma flows easily. Contains thin, runny lava. Not very explosive.

Magma is thick and sticky. Magma does not flow very easily. Gases build up in the pipe and cannot escape. Pressure builds up until it explodes. May cause a pyroclastic flow.

A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future

Sleeping. Expected to "awaken" in the future and become active.

Dead. Most likely will never erupt again.

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Earthquake/Volcano

Science Study Guide for Earthquake and Volcano Test

Question	Answer
2 types of stress	1) shearing2) tension3) compression
shearing	pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions
tension	pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that is becomes thinner in the middle
compression	squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
3 types of faults	1) strike-slip2) normal3) reverse
Strike-slip Fault	Rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion
Normal Fault	The fault is at an agle, so one block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault.
Reverse Fault	Has the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in the opposite direction
Where do faults typically occur?	Usually around plate boundaries
Tsunami	A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor.
Seismic Wave	Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
3 types of seismic waves	1) Primary waves2) Secondary waves3) Surface waves
Primary Waves	The first waves to arrive. They compress and expand the ground like an accorion.
Secondary Waves	These come after the primary waves. Vibrate from side to side as well as up and down.
Surface Waves	Form when S and P waves reach the Earth's surface. They produce the most severe ground movements.
How do we measure earthquakes?	Developed by Charles Richeter in 1935. It is a rating of the size of seismic waves as measured by a particular type of seismograph.
2 types of boundaries where volcanoes form?	1) divergent2) convergent
Divergent	Generally non-eplosive volcanoes. Most of the Earth's vocanism occurs along divergent boundaries, but eruptions often occur unobserved because divergent boundaries are ocvered by the oceans.
Convergent	Most of the world's above-sea volcanoes are located along these boundaries, which are also called subduction zones. They account for more than 80 percent of documented historical eruptions, mostly explosive.
Hotspot	Fixed places within the mantle or oceanic lithosphere, where rocks melt to generate magma.
Examples of hotspots:	1) Hawaii2) Iceland3) Bermuda4) Cape Verde
Where does magma form?	In the Asthenosphere
2 types of eruptions	1) quiet2) explosive
Quiet Eruption	Magma flows easily. Contains thin, runny lava. Not very explosive.
Explosive Eruption	Magma is thick and sticky. Magma does not flow very easily. Gases build up in the pipe and cannot escape. Pressure builds up until it explodes. May cause a pyroclastic flow.
3 Stages of a volcano	1) Active2) Dormant3) Extinct
Active Volcano	A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future
Dormant Volcano	Sleeping. Expected to "awaken" in the future and become active.
Extinct Volcano	Dead. Most likely will never erupt again.

Created by: catrin013

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