NS 1

Description:	Nervous system 1
Category:	Physiology
Created by:	P1StudyStack on 2009-01-15

Question	Answer
What types of neurotransmitter channels contain a cation channel?	acetylcholine and glutamate
What types of chloride channel contains a chlorine channel and is usally inhibitory?	GABA-A receptor, glycine receptors
How can GPCRs regulate ion channels	By opening of K+ channels, or closing of Ca++ channels (M2 and M4)
How can GPCRs indirectly reluate ion concentrations?	Through changing PLC activity (alpha 1, M1, M3, and M5)
How can GPCRs affect muscle contraction and exoctyosis?	By regulating cAMP levels (alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2)
Axon hillocks sum signals over _______ and ___________ to send a signal once the depolarization becomes enough.	space and time
Synapses close to the soma have _____ effects on producing an action potential.	Bigger
What causes the pacemaker cells of the heat and GI tract to fire regularly without outside input?	Na+ leak channels
What does th efrequencey of the firing of the pacemaker cells depend upon?	How quickly the cell reaches the threshold potential
What are the adrenergic receptors?	alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
What are the acetylcholine receptors?	nicotinic and muscarinic
Which is the system that controls flight or fight?	Sympathetic Nervous System
Which is the nervouse system that is rest and diges?	Parasympathetic Nervous System
"Anxiety and attention" would describe which nervous system?	Sympathetic Nervous System
"Relaxation and pleasure" would describe which nervous system?	Parasympathetic Nervous System
Where are the auotonomic nerous system control centers located?	Cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus
Which center of the brain controls emothions, autonomic functions, and hormone production?	Hypothalamus
Which center of the brain are the relay and processing centers for sensory information location?	Thalamus
Where in the brain are the autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function?	Medulla oblongata
Visceral functions include ___________, _________, and ____________ ___________ activities.	cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive system
Where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic centers locataed?	in the hypothalamus
List the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.	Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Where are the respiratory and cardiovasculator autonomic cneters locatedn?	In the medulla
When system innervates smooth muscle?	Autonomic Nervous System
Where is the presynaptic terminal of the preganglionic neuron located?	In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion
Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the postanglionic neuron located?	In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion
Where is the presynaptic terminal of thepostganglionic neuron located?	In the organ
Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the preganlionic neuron located?	In the lateral horn.
For skeletal muscle, how many neurons are there?	1 somatic motor neuron
What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to skeletal muscle?	acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to the blood vessels?	Norepinephrine
What neurotransmitter is released from the pregangionic neuron in the sympathetic system?	Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic sytem to the sweat glands and the adrenal medulla?	Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released from the preganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system?	Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system?	Acetylcholine
In which nerve is the signal faster, preganglionic or postganglionic?	Preganglionic
Dopamine comes from which amino acid?	Tyrosine
Epinephrine produces which neurotransmitter?	None, epinephrine comes from norepinephrine
Norepinephrine produces which neurotransmitter?	Epinephrine
What is the precursor to norephinephrine?	Dopamine
Dopamine produces ___________ and ________.	Norepinephrine and the epinephrine