| Question |
Answer |
| Statistical Quality Control (SQC) |
The general category of statistical tools ued to evaluate organizational quality. |
| Descriptive Statistics |
Statistics used to described quality characteristics and relationships. |
| Statistical Process Control (SPC) |
A statistical tool that involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and deciding whether the process is producing products with characteristics that fall within a predetermined range. |
| Acceptance Sampling |
The process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on the results. |
| Common (Random) Causes of Variation |
Random causes that cannot be identified. |
| Assignable Causes of Variation |
Causes that can be identified and eliminated. |
| Mean (Average) |
A statistic that measures the central tendency of a set of data. |
| Range |
The difference between the largest and smallest observations in a set of data. |
| Standard Deviation |
A statistic that measures the amount of data dispersion around the mean. |
| Control Chart |
A graph that shows whether a sample of data falls within the common or normal range of variation. |
| Out of Control |
The situation in which a plot of data falls outside preset control limits. |
| Variable |
A product characteristic that can be measured and has a continuum of values (e.g. height, weight, or volume) |
| Attribute |
A product characteristic that has a discrete value and can be counted. |
| P-Chart |
A control chart that monitors the proportion of defects in a sample. |
| Process Capability |
The ability of a production process to meet or exceed preset specifications. |
| Product Specifications |
Preset ranges of acceptable quality characteristics. |
| Process Capability Index |
An index used to measure process capability. |
| Six Sigma Quality |
A high level of quality associated with approximately 3.4 defective parts per million. |
| Sampling Plan |
A plan for acceptance sampling that precisely specifies the parameters of the sampling process and the acceptance/rejection criteria. |
| Operating Characteristic Curve (OC Curve) |
A graph that shows the probability or chance of accepting a lot given various proportions of defects in the lot. |
| Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) |
The small percentage of defects that consumers are willing to accept. |
| Lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) |
The upper limit of the percentage of defective items consumers are willing to tolerate. |
| Consumer's Risk |
The chance of accepting a lot that contains a greater number of defects than the LTPD limit. |
| Producer's Risk |
The chance that a lot containing an acceptable quality level will be rejected. |
| Average Outgoing Quality |
The expected proportion of defective items that will be passed to the customer under the sampling plan. |
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