| Question |
Answer |
| Basic Dogma |
DNA -> RNA -> Protein |
| Molecular Biology |
elucidation of biological principles with the use of nucleic acids |
| Nucleic Acid |
Nucleotides polymerized by phosphodiester bonds |
| DNA |
double stranded polymers of deoxyribonucleotides |
| RNA |
single stranded polymers of unmodified nucleotides |
| Chromosome |
single molecule of DNA, often millions of base pairs long.
Encode most of a cell's genes |
| gene |
entire DNA sequence controlling a specific trait, usually by encoding a polypeptide or functional RNA |
| Ribose |
5 carbon sugar that constitutes the central moiety of mucleotides |
| Ribose carbons important for polymerization |
3' and 5' |
| Bases |
side groups of nucleotides attached to teh 1' carbon of ribose |
| 5 bases |
cytosine
urasil
thymine
guanine
adenine |
| Pyridimine |
base with one ring
cytosine, uracil or thymine |
| purine |
nucleotide with a base with 2 rings
adenine or quanine |
| nucleoside |
base attached to 1' carbon of ribose without a phosphorylated 5' end |
| nucleotide |
nucleic acid subunit consisting of ribose with a 5' phoshporylated carbon, and base bound to th 1' carbon |
| Deoxynucleotide |
modified nucleotide that lacks the 2' hydroxyl group of its ribose moiety
Used to produce DNA |
| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. |
phosphodiester |
| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids |
3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide |
| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. |
phosphodiester |
| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids |
3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide |
| What direction does nucleotide polymerization occur? |
5' -> 3' |
| Distinctions between RNA and DNA |
1) DNA lacks 2' Hydroxyls
2) DNA has Thymidine, RNA uses Uridine
3) DNA is much larger than RNA
4) DNA forms double helices
5) DNA is methylated |
| DNA length |
millions of base pairs long |
| RNA length |
~50 - 40000 nucleotides long |
| Why is DNA methylated? |
so that RNAase does not recognize it and degrade it |
| Annealing or reannealing |
to allow denatured DNA strands to reform double helices
done by heading solution and cooling SLOWLY |
| Base pairs in double helix are held together by |
hydrogen bonds |
| Complimentary |
two strands to have matching, mirror image sequences, so tha every A of one strand is paired with a T of the otehr. |
| Antiparallel |
the two strands of teh double helix are in opposit, 5' - 3' orientation |
| denaturing, deannealing or melting DNA |
for double helices to dissociate into single strands due to adverse conditions such as elevated temperature |
| Hybridizaiont |
2 strands from different sources to anneal |
| Antisense RNA |
RNA with a sequence complimentary to a DAN or RNA.
Antisense RNA will form a double helix |
| Charge of DNA and RNA |
Negatively charged acids |
| Major groove |
wide space in the ribbon model |
| Minor groove |
narrow span |
| Alternate conformations of DNA |
B DNA
A DNA
Z DNA
Triple-helical DNA |
| B DNA |
normal double helix |
| A DNA |
more compact than B DNA with more tilt to the base pairs |
| Z DNA |
left handed double helix, characteristic of regions. may be involved in repression |
| Triple Helical DNA |
forms between two polypyrimidine and one polypurine strands.
totally test tube |
Cardio Block2anatomy
