| Question |
Answer |
| _________________________ elections produce the largest voter turnout. |
Presidential |
| __________________________ issues have increased in importance in campaigns in recent years. |
Valence |
| A __________________________ issue is one in which the rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters. |
position |
| A _____________________________ issue is one in which a candidate fully supports the public’s view on a matter about which nearly everybody is in agreement. |
valence |
| A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that congressional incumbents can do what? |
take credit for grants/earmarks, frank |
| A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that ____________________________ campaigns are generally more competitive. |
presidential |
| About ________ percent of promises made in political parties’ platforms between 1944 and 1964 were kept. |
74 |
| An election that brought about a significant reduction in taxes, spending, and regulatory practices was that in __________. |
1980 |
| An example of a _________________________ issue was when Jimmy Carter seemed more likely to favor honesty in government than did his opponent in 1976. |
valence |
| Assume you are running for office on the Greenbelt ticket and need to reach all of the environmentalists in your area. Your best bet is to rely on what? |
direct mail |
| Candidates are most at risk of verbal slips when? |
debating |
| Compared with paid television advertising, television visuals such as an appearance by a candidate on the nightly news are probably less _________________________ but more ____________________ with voters. |
informative; credible |
| Current finance rules for campaigns give a major financial advantage to whom? |
incumbents |
| David Broder suggested that the first task facing anyone who wishes to become president is what? |
getting mentioned |
| For a presidential primary candidate to be eligible for federal matching funds, he or she must first do what? |
raise $20,000 in each of 5 states in contributions of $250 or less |
| Fundamental realignments of the major parties seem to have occurred in which elections? |
1860, 1896, and 1932 |
| Funding of congressional elections comes from what sources? |
individuals, PACs, & parties |
| How effective are television spot ads? |
zero |
| In numbers rather than percentages, the smallest contribution to Democratic vote totals is made by what group? |
Jews |
| In the 1980 presidential election, many voters voted for Ronald Reagan over Jimmy Carter as a vote against Carter, not out of loyalty to Reagan. Such a vote is referred to as what? |
clothespin |
| In the 2000 election George W. Bush wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; Al Gore opposed this. This is an example of a _________________________ issue. |
position |
| Many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is what? |
party identification |
| One advantage that Congressional incumbents always have over challengers is what? |
franking privilege |
| One effect of the way that federal matching funds are made available to candidates for presidential campaigns is to give candidates an incentive to do what? |
raise money from small contributions |
| One reason why the approach used by a candidate in a general election may not work in a primary is that a primary candidate must do what? |
appeals to the more ideologically strident activists |
| One way for a candidate to avoid embarrassing slips of the tongue during campaigning is to do what? |
rely on stock speeches |
| Party realignment seems to have been most closely related to what? |
new and important issues |
| Party realignments most often occur as a result of strong disagreements over real issues. An example of an issue that caused a realignment is ___________________ in 1860, which split the _____________________________ party in half. |
slavery; Democratic |
| Prospective voting involves voting according to what? |
future expectations |
| Retrospective voting generally helps an incumbent except when what has happened? |
the economy has worsened |
| Retrospective voting involves basing your vote on what? |
past performance |
| Ronald Reagan made a dozen speeches a day to audiences all over the country while he was doing what? |
spokesman for General Electric |
| Ronald Reagan won in 1984 primarily because of what? |
voters were pleased with the economic climate |
| Split-ticket voting was not possible in the United States until what was adopted? |
Australian ballet |
| The term sleeping giant can best be applied to the vote of which group? |
Latinos |
| The costs of a general election for each major party are covered by whom? |
taxpayers (except for Obama) |
| The Democrats have lost their once-strong hold on what three groups? |
Catholics, southerners, union members |
| The government contributes matching funds to presidential candidates. These funds match which contributions? |
up to $250 |
| The Hoboken Democratic party raises thousands of dollars from local corporations, without regard to FEC limits, for a campaign to register voters. Has the party broken the law? |
no – soft money |
| The kind of campaign activity most notably on the increase in recent elections is what? |
broadcasting |
| The legal limit on what a congressional candidate may spend is what? |
nonexistent |
| The limit set on the amount any person can contribute to a single candidate (in a single election) by the 1974 campaign-finance reform law was $_______________________. |
$1,000 (now changed to $2,300) |
| The positive effect of television is best illustrated by the 1992 campaign of which presidential candidate? |
Perot |
| The text argues that the U.S. constitutional system was designed to make the adoption of radical departures in policy what? |
difficult |
| To win the presidential nomination, as opposed to the general election, candidates generally present themselves as more ____________________________ if a Democrat or more ____________________________ if a Republican. |
liberal; conservative |
| Until the early nineteenth century, parties chose their presidential nominees by __________________________________ _________________________________. |
party caucuses |
| Usually the first crucial test of strength in a presidential campaign comes in what state? |
Iowa |
| What are the two crucial phases in winning an election? |
getting nominated and getting elected |
| What groups are truly essential to a presidential campaign organization? |
paid staff, volunteers, advisors |
| What is the value of presidential coattails to congressional candidates of the same party? |
it is becoming less significant |
| What was the 1992 Clinton campaign’s internal slogan? |
speed kills |
| What was the name of the command center of the 1992 Clinton campaign? |
the war room |
| When a voter votes for the candidate whom he or she considers more likely to do a better job in office, the voting is referred to as what? |
prospective |
| Which 1992 presidential candidate first dropped out of the race and later re-entered? |
Perot |
| Which party tends to be more loyal to its candidate in presidential elections? |
Republicans |
| Which party tends to do better in competing for the vote of self-described independents? |
Republicans |
| Who served as campaign manager for President Clinton in the 1992 campaign? |
James Carville |
| Who won the New Hampshire Democratic Primary in 1992? __________________________________ Who finished second? ___________________________________________ |
Paul Tsongas; Bill Clinton |
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