| Question |
Answer |
| What are cells? |
The fundamental units of life. Also recognized as teh basic building block and smallest living cimponent of an organism. |
| What does the body consist of? |
Millions of cells grouped into highly specialized units that functions together. |
| What do cells form? |
Tissues, such as muscle, blood, and bone. |
| What do tissues form? |
Organs, such as the brain, heart, liver, and kidney. They are integrated into systems such as CNS, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and renal system. |
| Also known as the plasma membrane |
Cell Membrane |
| Composed of lipids and a protein bilayer with highly selective filter that shields cell contents from the outside environment. |
Cell Membrane |
| Cell Membrane |
Impermeable to most water-soluble substances including ions, glucose, and amino acids. Permeable to lipid soluble substances, such as oxygen and steroid hormones. |
| What is the lipid bilayer composed of? |
Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids. |
| What are the functions of the Cell Membrane? |
-Transport nutrients and waste products-Cell recognition-Communication with other cells-Growth regulation-Respond and adapt to changes in the environment. |
| Fluid-like substance within the cell that is used as a cushion. |
Cytoplasm |
| What is the function of Cytoplasm? |
Surrounds and protects the nucleus and other organelles within the cell. |
| The "brain" or the control center of the cell that carries most of the genetic material in the form of DNA. |
Nucleus |
| What is the function of the Nucleus? |
Major function is to PROTECT and PRESERVE the genetic information so it can be replicated exactly and passed on during cell division. |
| A single continuous membrane component that extends throughout the cytoplasm. |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
| What are the functions of the ER? |
Main function is the SYNTHESIS OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS including lipids and proteins for the cell/plasma membrane and the other organelles. Synthesis of products to be secreted from the cell. |
| Complexes of protein and RNA which are formed in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm. |
Ribosomes |
| What is the primary function of the Ribosomes? |
The synthesis of protein. Ribosomes may bind to the ER or float free in the cytoplasm. |
| Rough ER |
Has ribosomes attached (proteins). |
| Smooth |
Has no ribosomes (lipids). |
| What are lipoproteins an example of? |
Smooth ER. |
| Composed of a stack of smooth compartments resembling a stack of hollow plates. |
Golgi Apparatus |
| What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? |
-Receives newly synthesized proteins and lipids by way of transport vesicles.-Transport vesicles diffuse into the GA and become part of the GA.-Proteins move from the Cis Face (entry), Cisternae, to the Trans Face (exit). |
| Where does the Golgi Apparatus attach? |
To the sugar molecules and then they package into the Golgi transport vesicles (secretory vesicles). *The way they are arranged with sugar determines their destination, whether to the PLASMA MEMBRANE or LYSOSOMES. |
| Bags of acidic digestive enzymes; "The cell's digestive system." |
Lysosomes |
| What are the functions of the Lysosomes? |
-Acidification (bags of acid)-Destruction of damaged and obsolete parts of the cell-Ingestion of cell particles |
| What are the final products of Lysosome digestion? |
-Amino acids and fatty acids which are used by the cells OR-Cellular wastethat is secreted at the cell surface |
| Where are Lysosomes especially important? |
In the liver, to detoxify alcohol, and in the kidney, to excrete waste. |
| Powerhouses of the cell. |
Mitochondria |
| What are the functions of the Mitochondria? |
-Convert energy to forms that can be used to drive cellular reactions.-Cells with high energy needs such as cardiac (brain) and skeletal muscle, have a high number of mitochondria.- ^energy, ^mitochondria |
| What are the simple molecules known as? |
Amino acids, fatty acids, and cellular waste. |
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