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NUR151-a-emetic-acid

DRUGS - Anti-emetics and Anti-Acids

QuestionAnswer
Proton Pump Inhibitors PPIs newest class – given all the time in acute care settings – every patient is put on one in the hospital prophylactically - stress ulcers - works at the ATP pump. given before meals. Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the fi
Protonix is a Proton Pump Inhibitors PPI - Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen - absorption occurs only after tablet leaves the stomach -
Maalox or Mylanta/ TUMS Affects absorption of many meds, Give other meds 1 hour before or 2 hours after - Neutralizes acid in stomach, stimulates mucus, prostaglandin, & bicarbonate production
Pepcid antiulcer, H2 histamine receptor antagonist - Onset 30-60 min, peak 1-3h, Duration 6-12h
Side effect of pepcid confusion, dizziness, arrhythmias, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA
Side effects of protonix CNS: headache GI: abdominal pain, diarrhea, eructation, flatulence Endo: hyperglycemia - Nursing Implications: Assess for epigastric or abdominal pain and GI bleed; May cause abnormal liver function tests, including increase AST, ALT, alkaline phos, bilir
What should you avoid when taking H2 – Proton Pump Inhibitors? Avoid alcohol, aspirin or NSAIDs, and foods that cause an increase in GI irritation
Anticholinergics Scopolamine transdermal - Used for motion sickness, secretion reduction before surgery & in terminally ill
SE of Anticholinergics dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, difficult urination, constipation
Neuroleptic agents block N&V by blocking dopamine receptor on the CTZ. Many also have anticholinergic activity. - Prototype: prochlorperizine (Compazine)
Prokinetic agents block dopamine in the CTZ or stimulate ACh receptors in the GI tract & stimulates peristalsis - Prototype: metochlopramide (Reglan)
Serotonin blockers Block Serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in the GI tract, CTZ & vomiting center - Prototype: Ondansetron (Zofran)
Tetrahydrocannibinoid Inhibitory effect on reticular formation, thalmus, & cerebral cortex - Prototype: Marinol
Main SE of Cimetidine confusion – H2 histamine receptor antagonist (tagamet)
Main SE of Famotidine/Pepcid Headache, dizziness, dysrhythmias, constipation, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia - H2 histamine receptor antagonist (Mylanta AR, Pepcid)
Main SE of Ranitidine headache, sleeplessness, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis (rare) - H2 histamine receptor antagonist (Zantac)
Main SE of Nizatidine headache, dizziness, cyanide, thiocyanate toxiticity - H2 histamine receptor antagonist (Axid)
Main SE of Meclizine drowsiness, hypotension – antiemetic, antihistamine – vertigo, motion sickness – blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone and acts on vomiting center – avoid alcohol (Antivert or Dramamine)
Main SE of diphenhydramine dizziness, drowsiness, seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, anaphylaxis – Antihistamine – H1 receptor antagonist (Benadryl, Diphenadryl, Nytol)
Main SE of Compazine depression, euphoria, circulatory failure, tachycardia, respiratory distress – antiemetic and antipsychotic – Compazine
Main SE of Reglan sedation, fatigue, restlessness, headache, suicide ideation, seizures – Cholinergic, antiemetic, central dopamine receptor antagonist
Main SE of Zofran headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea, bronchospasms, musculoskeletal pain – antiemetic – 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Created by: Ladystorm
 

 



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