Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NUR151-LabValues-ele
Lab Values for Minerals, electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sodium (Na+) | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Potassium (K+) | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| Ionized Calcium (Ca2+) | 4.5-5.5 mg/dl |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3−) | 22-26 (arterial) mEq/L, 24-30 (venous) mEq/L |
| Chloride (Cl−) | 95-105 mEq/L |
| Magnesium (Mg2+) | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
| Phosphate (PO43–) | 2.8-4.5 mg/dl |
| Potassium is the major electrolyte and principal cation in the | intracellular compartment |
| Sodium is the most abundant cation __% in ECF. | (90%) |
| Potassium is regulated by? | Dietary intake and renal excretion - body conserves potassium poorly, so any condition that increases urine output decreases the serum potassium concentration. |
| Normal total calcium is | 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. |
| Serum magnesium is regulated by | dietary intake, renal mechanisms, and actions of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). |
| ___ is the major anion in ECF. | Chloride |
| The __ regulate bicarbonate. | kidneys |
| ___ is normally absorbed through the GI tract. It is regulated by dietary intake, renal excretion, intestinal absorption, and PTH. | Phosphate |
| Arterial pH is | an indirect measurement of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. |
| Normal values in arterial blood range from | 7.35 to 7.45. |
| In acidosis, you will see higher __ levels | potassium |
| pH | the negative logarithm of H ion concentration (mEq / L) - Norm 7.35- 7.45 |
| PaCO2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide - Norm 35 – 45 mm Hg |
| PaO2 | partial pressure of oxygen - Norm 80 – 100 mm Hg |
| SaO2 | percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen |
| HCO3 | 22 – 26 |
| How to Identify primary cause of acidosis/alkalosis | respiratory or metabolic - look at the PaCO2 and HCO3. |
| Lab findings: serum Mg level > 2.5 mEq/L; ECG abnormalities: prolonged QT interval, AV block | Hypermagnesemia due to renal failure or excess intake of Mg. |
| Lab findings: serum ionized Ca level > 5.5 mEq/L or total serum Ca level > 10.5 mg/dL; x-ray examination showing generalized osteoporosis, urinary stones; and elevated (BUN) level 25 mg/100 mL & elevated creatinine level 1.5 mg/100 mL caused by fluid volu | Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism, Pagets, Osteoporosis, acidosis. |
| Lab findings: serum Mg level < 1.5 mEq/L | Hypomagnesemia due to malnutrition or alcoholism, diarrhea, vomiting, nasogastric drainage, polyuria. |
| Lab findings: serum ionized Ca level < 4.5 mEq/L or total serum Ca < 8.5 mg/dL & ECG abnormalities: ventricular tachycardia. | Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, alkalosis, renal failure, alcoholism. |
| Lab findings: serum K+ level > 5.0 mEq/L & ECG abnormalities: peaked T wave & widened QRS complex (bradycardia, heart block, dysrhythmias); eventually cardiac arrest occurs | Hyperkalemia due to renal failure, fluid volume deficit, burns/trauma, acidosis (especially diabetic ketoacidosis), ingesting potassium. |
| Lab findings: serum k+ level below 3.5 mEq/L & ECG abnormalities: flattened T wave; ST segment depression; U wave; potentiated digoxin effects (e.g., ventricular dysrhythmias). | Hypokalemia due to diuretics, diarrhea, vomiting, alkalosis, polyuria, sweating. |
| Lab findings: serum Na levels > 145 mEq/L, serum osmolality 300 mOsm/kg, & urine specific gravity 1.030 (if not caused by diabetes insipidus). | Hypernatremia due to excess salt intake, diabetes insipidus, water loss or deprivation. |
| Lab findings: serum Na level < 135 mEq/L, serum osmolality 280 mOsm/kg, & urine specific gravity below 1.010 (if not caused by SIADH). | Hyponatremia due to kidney disease, diuretics, burns, polydipsia, SIADH, GI losses. |
| Normal plasma osmolality is between | 275 and 295 mOsm/kg. |
| A plasma osmolality value less than __ indicates too little solute for the amount of water or too much water for the amount of solute. | 275 mOsm/kg - This condition is termed water excess. |
| Because the major determinants of the plasma osmolality are __, one can calculate the effective plasma osmolality based on the concentrations of those substances. | sodium and glucose. |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
| Osmolality of urine can range from | 100 to 1300 mOsm/kg. |
| A patient with prolonged nasogastric suction will lose Na+, K+, H1, and Cl−. These imbalances may result in | a deficiency of both Na+ and K+, a fluid volume deficit, and a metabolic alkalosis due to loss of HCl. |
| Readings of greater than __ indicate concentrated urine. | 1.025 |
| Readings less than __ indicate dilute urine. | 1.010 |
Created by:
Ladystorm