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Chp 16 - endocrine
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood or body fluids | endocrine gland |
| gland that secretes its product into a duct or onto a body surface | exocrine gland |
| system of glands in teh body that controls all system functions including growth, development, reproduction, ... | endocrine system |
| relase of a substance into the body - example hormones | secrete |
| to separate and discharge substances from the body - example urine and feces | excrete |
| chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine cell | hormone |
| what are hormones carried in | the blood |
| hormones have an effect on | target cells with matching receptors |
| where are the two places receptors may be located | inside the cell or outside attached to the cell membrane |
| process where target cell receptors decrease when a hormone is in excess | down-regulation |
| process where target cell receptors increase when a hormone is scarce | up-regulation |
| ____________ hormones are produced by endocrine cells | circulating |
| _____________ hormones travel through the blood stream to bind to target cells | circulating |
| ___________ hormones do not pass into the circulatory system | local |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulated the thyroid gland. TSH is a _________ hormone. | circulating |
| hormones can be classified based on their ____________ properties | solubility |
| classification of hormone the requires a transport protein while in circulation but can pass easily through the cellular membrane | lipid soluble |
| classification of hormone that are dissolved in the blood stream, but cannot pass eaily through the cellular membrane | water soluble hormones |
| amine, peptide, and protein hormones are all examples of ___________ hormones | water soluble |
| the majority of hormones and what type | peptide and protein hormones (water soluble) |
| what hormones are produced by the pancreas, adrenal medulla and kidneys | peptide and protein hormones |
| how do water soluble hormones affect cells | they use the 2nd messenger system in order to get inside the cell |
| what are two examples of lipid soluble hormones | steroid and thyroid hormones |
| steroid hormones are derived from | cholesterol |
| where are steroid hormones synthesized | by the ER in the kidneys, testes and ovaries |
| where are thyroid hormones produced | thyroid gland |
| how do lipid soluble hormones travel through the blood | interstitial fluid |
| What three basic mechanisms tell endocrine glands to release hormones | 1-signals from the nervous system 2-chemical changes in the blood 3-signals from other hormones |
| hormone interaction where two hormones are required at once to get the desired effect | permissive effect |
| hormone interaction where the action of two hormones is greater combined than each of them alone | synergistic |
| hormone interaction where one hormone opposes another | antagonistic |
| The hormone Renin acts to increase blood pressure, while Atrial-natriuretic peptide decreases blood pressure. These hormes are | antagonistic |
| Which feedback loop increases a deviation from normal limits | positive feedback loop |
| feedback mechanism that opposes a variation from normal limits | negative feedback loop |
| area that regulates many aspects of teh endocrine and automic nervous system | hypothamlus |
| What is the infundibular stalk | what connects teh pituitary gland to the hypothalamus |
| the hypophysis is also known as the | pituitary gland |
| the hypothalmus and pituitary gland control most aspects of | growth, metabolism, development and homeostasis |
| which part of the adrenal gland controls growth and reproduction | anterior pituitary |
| aka adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary |
| the hypothalamus tells this part of the pituitary gland to release and/or inhibit hormones | anterior pituitary |
| Gland that produces hGH, TSH, FSH, PRL and ACTH | anterior pituitary |
| part of the pituitary gland that does not produce hormones, only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus | posterior pituitary |
| What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT) |
| network of vessels that carry blood from the hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland so hormones can be directed to go where they are needed more quickly | hypophyseal portal system |
| cells located in the hypothalamus that produce hormones which are packaged and released by the posterior pituitary | neurosecretory cells |
| what gland is directly inferior to the larynx | thyroid gland |
| this gland is stimulated by TSH and blood iodine levels | thyroid gland |
| this gland produced T3, T4 and Calcitonin | thyroid gland |
| What are three things T3 and T4 increase | cellular metabolism rate, growth and development |
| What gland controls body temperature mainly through control of metabolic rate | thyroid gland |
| what is produced as a result of low dietary iodine and overproduction of TSH | goiter |
| gland that controls calcium balance and increases Ca and Mg retention by kidneys | parathyroid gland |
| this hormone stiulates osteoclasts to resorb bones and icnrease blood calcium | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| This gland produces glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and androgens | adrenal gland |
| what do glucocorticoids do for the body | stimulate glucose synthesis |
| what do mineralcorticoids do for the body | water and electrolyte balance; Na and K balance |
| What is aldosterone and what does it do for the body | mineralcorticoid - raises sodium in the blood |
| what is cortisol and what does it do for the body | increases breakdown of fats and proteins |
| which hormone released by the adrenal gland is known as the "stress hormone" because it causes cells to take in more glucose to deal with whatever | cortisol |
| what are androgens are where are they released from | sex hormones released from the adrenal gland |
| this gland is attached to the duodenum and has endocrine and exocrine functions | pancreas |
| this gland's major function is regulation of glucogon and insulin secretion | pancreas |
| released from pancreas when blood sugar is high - tells cells to store sugar from the blood in the cells | insulin |
| released from pancreas when blood sugar is low - tells cells to send glucose into the blood stream | glucagon |
| ADH - antidiuretic hormone is also known as | vasopressin |
| What type of diabetes is caused by little or no circulating insulin and therefore needs insulin injections | Type I Diabetes |
| Type of diabetes caused by low levels of glucose transporters which lead to low glucose levels in the cells | Type II |
| type of diabetes that develops in adults | Type II |
| testosterone release is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the __________ gland | pituitary |
| synthetic androgens often takin in very high doses | anabolic steroids |
| Is the thymus a circulating, paracrin or autocrine gland | paracrine - hormone released acts on neighboring cells |
| this gland is involved in immune and lumphatic systems and promotes T cell differentiation | thymus |
| the pineal gland releases _________ which plays a major role in your biological clock | melatonin |
| where is Eruthropoietin (EPO) produced and what does it do | kidney - red blood cell differentiation |
| Where is renin produced and what does it do | kidney - increase blood pressure |
| where is atrial natriuretic peptide released and what does it do | heart - lower blood pressure |
| where is thrombopoietin (TPO) released and what does it do | liver - platelet production |
| where is progesterone released and what does it do | placenta - maintain pregnancy |
| where is gastrin produced and what does it do | stomach - stimulates exocrine cells and pancreas |
Created by:
edeboo