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lifespan.12
lifespan.12.social.personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| p409 self-concept | understanding who you are |
| p409 self-esteem | they like themselves |
| p409 self-psychological perspective | viewing traits not as concrete entities but as abstractions |
| p409 different aspects of self | evaluate in different ways-high self-esteem in one are, low-self-esteem in other areas |
| p410 gender difference in self-esteem | girls in early adolescence lower than boys |
| p410 girls-too smart-block social success | causes problems |
| p410 boys-generally more self-esteem | but they may feel incompetent due to male stereotypes |
| p410 Socioeconomic status (SES) and race | higher SES generally have higher self-esteem |
| 411 Race & ethnicity | prejudice has eased; more like whites |
| p411 stronger sense of racial identity | related to higher level of self-estteem in Af.-Am & Hispanics |
| p411 ethgender | joint influence of race & gender |
| p 411 Asian & native american females | have lowest self-esteem |
| p411 Erikson - identity versus-identity-confusion stage | 1.) can't form identity, are confused 2.) learn unique strengths, have core identity |
| p. 412 Erikson - stages | table |
| p. 412 social pressure to choose profession | males different from femaels |
| p412 Erikson - males choose stable identity | females choose mate, then forge identity through mate |
| p 412 Erikson - gender differences in identity formation | females form stable identity later |
| p 413 Erikson psychological moratorium | boys try out roles - too expensive |
| p. 413 Erikson - male ident is standard | (blank) |
| p412 Carol GILLIGAN | female identity-caring networks |
| p 413 Jame MARCIA | identity is CRISIS or Commitment |
| p414 Marcia - identity achievement | commit to a particular identity after a period of crisis |
| p414 Marcia - identity foreclosure | prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives (be a lawyer like Dad) |
| p. 414 Marcia - moratorium | struggle with identity-not commited yet - seeking intimacy with others |
| p. 414 Marcia - identity diffusion | not committed, not considering alternatives - flight - socially withdrawn |
| p 414 MAMA cycle | Moratorium, identity achievement - moratorium - identity achievement |
| p414 identity gels | in late teens and early 20's for most people - Kroger |
| p415 cultural assimilation | melting pot model in US |
| p 415 pluralistic society model | group are co-equal-retain identity |
| p415 bicultural identity | increasing number identify as members of two races |
| p416 difficulty in forming racial identity | prolonged period |
| p416 major depression | 3% of adolescents - full-blown psycholgoical disorder - severe and lasts for a long time |
| p 416 Af.Amer - native american s | higher rates of depression |
| p.416 Depression risks | alcoholic or depressed parent - few close friends - rejection |
| p.p416 depression rates | 25-40% of girls - 20-35% boys |
| p 417 why higher among girls? | not linked to hormone differences |
| p. 417 girls turn inward | experience helplessness |
| p. 417 suicide | US. TRIPLED in the last 30 years |
| p. 417 may be underreported | suicide is third most common cause of death |
| p.417 15-to-24 age group | suicide is third most common cause of death |
| p. 417 - attempts | 200 attempts for every successful attempt |
| p. 417 why increase? | more stress? depression-guns in home |
| p. 417 - suicide - abuse & neglect | alcohol & drugs |
| p. 417 cluster suicides | some high schools |
| p 418 - warning signs of suicide | don't ignore |
| p. 419 - preventing adolescent suicide | talk- act immediately-use professional action |
| p. 420 autonomy | having independence and a sense of control over one's life |
| p. 420 more freedom | quest for autonomy |
| p. 420 unchaperoned party | (blank) |
| p. 421 autonomy | parents recognize as task of adolescents |
| p. 421 changing views of parents | perceive parents as people |
| p. 421 autonomy - | cultural role important; family identity important also |
| p 421 caucasion parents & children have earlier timetabel for autonomay | going to concert with friends |
| p. 422 autonomny matching cultural expectations | (blank) |
| p. 422 male vs. female autonomy | males earlier - parents have traditional views |
| p 422 myth of generation gap | deep divide between parents and children in values, attitudes & aspirations |
| p422 parents & adolescents agree | social, political views |
| p423 - parents & children | postivie relationship |
| p.423 amount of time spent alone with parent | stable across adolescence |
| p.423 conflicts with parents | early adolescence-music taste, dress |
| p424 conflicts about ear-piercing | (blank) |
| p424 SMETANA - conflicts with parents | 20% have a rough time |
| p424 cultural differences | teens in traditional cultures experience fewer mood swings than teens industrialized countries |
| p425 individualism not valued in traditional societies | (blank) |
| p. 425 peer relationship in adolescence | more important than at any other time |
| p. social comparision | parent's can't provide input-need peer group |
| p425 reference groups | groups - you compare yourself Ex. baseball players |
| p. 425 norms or standards | reference groups set norms - ex popular group-even unpopular kids will compare themselves |
| p.425 cliques | 2-12 people-interact with each other |
| p425 crowds | large groups, particular characteristics - but do not interact with each other |
| p. 425crowds | "jocks" "nerds" |
| p.426 membership in cliques & crowds | substance abuse determines group |
| p 426 attraction to peers who are well-behave | peers who are more aggressive are favored |
| p. 426 sex cleavage | in middle childhood, groups are with own sex |
| p.426 middle adolescence | sex cleavage decreases |
| p427 - late adolescence | cliques include both boys & girls - then they pair off |
| p427-428 - racial segregation | in high school & college - very prevalent |
| p. 428 popularity | table |
| p428 controversial adolescents | liked by some |
| p. 428 rejected adolescents | children who are actively disliked |
| p. 428 neglected adolescents | neither liked nor disliked-ignored |
| p430 peer pressure | influence of one's peers on behavior & attitudes |
| p.430 conformity | what to wear, whom to date, what movies to see |
| p.430 conformity - parents | during childhood, children conformed to what parents wanted - now they turn to parents for problem-solving |
| p. 430 undersocialized delinquents | not socialized or disciplined by parents, aggressive and violent, more attention deficit disorder, less intelligent |
| p430 16% of crimes | under age of 18 |
| p430 decline in violent crimes | past decade-decline of 40% |
| p431 online gambling | males - rising fast - gamblers who use Internet are 3x more likely to have problematic gambling |
| p431 gambling associate with higher levels of drug abuse | (blank) |
| p. 431 socialized delinquents | normal, highly influenced by peers, delinquency occurs in groups-parents may not supervise |
| p 432 "hooking up" | dating is outmoded - vague term that covers everything from kissing to sexual intercourse |
| p. 433 function of dating | pattern of courtship;learn to establish intimacy; entertainment & even prestige |
| p. 433 dating, even with sexual intercourse | not good at intimacy |
| p. 433 homosexual | can't date - harassment |
| p.433 Asian parents | conservative-may have arranged marriages |
| p433 masturbation | by age 15 - 80% of boys & 20% of girls |
| p434 masturbation during marriage | (blank) |
| p.433 misguided views on masturbation | (blank) |
| p. 434 masturbation | normal, healthy |
| p. 434 first age of sexual intercourse | steadily declining for 50 years |
| p. 434 1/2 of adolescents have intercourse | between ages of 15 & 18 |
| p434 sex 80% have before age of 20 | (blank) |
| p424 postponing sex | increased by 10% from 1991 to 2001-AIDS |
| p435 double standard | premarital sex OK for males, but women should be virgins |
| p435 permissiveness with affection | OK to have sex with love |
| p. 435 Asian, Mexican, African norms | Asia Mexico-no for women - Sub-Saharan Africa yes |
| p435 sexual orientation | 4-10% of men & women are exclusively homosexual -longtime during life |
| p435 same-sex encounter | 20-25% boys - 10% of girls |
| p.435 gender identity | the gender a person believe he or she is psychologically |
| p. 435 sexual orientation | relates to the object of one's sexual interests |
| p435 transgendered individuals | reconstructive surgery |
| pp436 what determines sexual orientation? | brain structures, hormone production |
| p. 436 Freud-homosexuals | inappropriate ID with same-sex parent |
| p436 family dynamic - child-rearing practices | learning theory - nothing explains |
| p. 436 no accepted explanation for homosexual orientation | (blank) |
| p436 suicide rates from homosexuals | significantly higher as adolescents |
| p436 teenage pregnancy | last 10 years, teenage birthrate dropped 30% |
| p. 436 statistics | use of condoms, |
| p437 oral sex instead of intercourse | (blank) |
| p.437 virginity pledge | delayed start of sex for 18 months |
| p. 437 US teen pregnancy | 2 to 10 times higher than other industrialized countries |
Created by:
walterina4327