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Chp 15 - Senses
Anatomy Chp 15 - Special Senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two layers of the olfactory sense? | olfactory epithelium and lamina propria |
| neurons with cilia called olfactory hairs are | olfactory receptor cells |
| what is the life span for olfactory receptor cells? | 60 days |
| sensation of taste resulting from chemical sensation on the taste buds | gustation |
| the tongue is made up of little bumps called | lingual papillae |
| the most abundant lingual papillae that has no taste buds | filiform |
| type of lingual papillae found at the tips and sides of the tongue | fungiform |
| type of lingual papillae that is found at the read of the tongue and has about 1/2 of the taste buds | circumvallate |
| molecules must be dissolved in _____________ in order to be tasted | saliva |
| Once molecules contact the gustatory hairs, a ______________ potential begins | graded |
| taste signals that are projected to the hypothalamus and amygdala initiate what response | salivation, gagging, vomiting |
| taste signals that are projected to the thalamus and cerebral cortex initiate what response | conscious taste |
| What nerves innervate the taste buds | facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus |
| metal ions usch as NA & K have a ___________ taste | salty |
| mainly organic compounds have a __________ taste | sweet |
| acids have a ___________ taste | sour |
| spoiled food and alkaloids such as nicotine and caffeine have a ____________ taste | bitter |
| "meaty" foods have a ____________ taste | umami |
| palpebrae is another word for _____________ | eyebrows |
| fissure between top and bottom eyelids | palpebral fissure |
| the purpose of the eyelids is to | protect and moisten |
| what do the tarsal glands of the eyelids do | secrete oil to reduce tear evaporation |
| what are the lacrimal caruncles of the eye | fleshy tissue with glands producing thick secretions |
| the transparent mucus membrane that lines the eyelids and covers anterior surface of eyeball except cornea | conjunctiva |
| tears are produced in the | lacrimal gland |
| extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by what cranial nerves | 3, 4 and 6 |
| how often is the aqueous humor of the vitreous body replaced | every 90 minutes |
| tunics is another word for | layer |
| the fibrous tunic of the eye includes the | sclera and cornea |
| the vascular tunic of the eye include the | choroid, ciliary body and iris |
| the neural layer of the eye includes | the pigmented and neural layer |
| part of the eye that hold the lens centered on the pupil | ciliary body with ciliary muscle |
| part of the eye that has extensive caps that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the retina | choroid |
| part of the eye that absorbs light and prevents reflections | pigmented |
| innermost lining of the vitreous chamber that is pressed against the rear of the eyeball | retina |
| the pigmented is part of the | retina |
| your light receptors of the eye are found in the | retina |
| part of the retina that detects light | photoreceptors |
| two types of photoreceptors | rods and cones |
| what do rods do | highly sensitive to light and peripheral vision |
| what do the cones of the eyes do | color vision |
| region of the retina that doesn't contain rods | macula lutea |
| part of the retina that has the highest concentration of cones | fovea |
| origin of the optic nerve that has no photoreceptors | optic disc |
| part of the eye that is a transparent structure made of crystallized proteins | lens |
| what is the visual pigment found in rod cells that change its shape | rhodopsin |
| pigment found in cone cells that change its shape | photopsin |
| for night vision, do you use your rods or cones more | rods |
| what part of the eye refracts light | cornea |
| what part of the eye fine-tunes the image to focus on near and distant objects | lens |
| if the eyeball is too short, you are | farsighted/hyperopia |
| if you eyeball is too long, you are | nearsighted/myopia |
| how do you correct hyperopia | use convex lens |
| how do you correct myopia | use concave lens |
| stereoscopic vision requires | 2 eyes with overlapping visual fields |
| stereoscopic vision is also know as | depth perception |
| where does the outer ear end | tympanic membrane |
| what part of the ear opens during swallowing or yawning to equalize air pressure | eustachian tube of the middle ear |
| the malleus of the ear is attached to the | tympanic membrane |
| the stapes of the ear is bound to inner ear at | oval window |
| the scala vestibule, cochlear duct and scala tympani make up the ____________ of the ear | canals of the cochlea |
| The vestibular of the cochlea is filled with | perilymph |
| the basilar membranes of the cochlea is filled with | endolymph |
| the spiral organ on the basilar membrane is called the | organ of Corti |
| what does the round window separate | the perilymph of inner ear from air of middle ear |
| which part of the ear has sensory hairs that contain sterocilia that extend into endolymph and cochlea duct | organ of corti |
| what ion flows inward to cause depolarization and an action potential in the ear | Potassium |
| these enhance the sense of gravity and motion | otoliths |
| equilibrium is maintained by the | saccule and utricle |
| changes in position are monitored by the crista ampullairs of the _______________________ | semicircular ducts |
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