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Anatomy-Nervous Sys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does a nerve fiber include? | axon and dendrite |
| What is a plexus | a network of nerves, veins, or lymph vessels |
| bundle of nerve processes (axons) in CNS | tract |
| bundle of nerve processes (axons) in the PNS | nerves |
| What three things make up the PNS | nerve, ganglion, and nucleus |
| collection of neuron cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS | ganglion |
| collection of neuron cell bodies INSIDE the CNS | nucleus |
| the nerves that innervate skeletal muscles | somatic nervous system |
| sensory receptors and control visceral function | autonomic nervous system |
| neurons that detect changes in the environment and transmit info to brain or spinal cord | sensory (afferent) neurons |
| neurons that lie between sensory and motor pathways in CNS | interneurons |
| 90% of our neurons are ____________ | interneurons |
| neurons that process, store and retrieve info | interneurons |
| what is the most common neuronal classifcation | multipolar neuron |
| what is a bipolar neuron made of | one dendrite and one axon |
| cells in the CNS and PNS that support and protect neurons | neuroglial (glial) cells |
| what do oligodendrocytes do | form myelin in the CNS |
| what do astrocytes do | maintain blood-brain barrier and proper ion balances |
| where are ependymal cells found | line ventricles and form cerbrospinal fluid |
| what are microglia cells like | macrophages that eliminate microbes |
| cells that myelinate fibers of the PNS | schwann cells |
| cells that support PNS ganglia and hlp in regeration sometimes | satellite cells |
| what are the gaps between myelin segments called | nodes of Ranvier |
| highly responsible to stimuli | excitability |
| when action potential reaces end of nerve fiber, a neurotrasmitter is released | transmission |
| are living cells positive or negative on the inside | negative |
| how is a voltage gated channel opened | by electric current |
| how is a ligand gated channel opened | by chemicals |
| how is a mechanically gated channel opened | by vibrations, movement or touch |
| How is resting membrane potential maintained? | seletive permeable membrane and Na/K active pumps |
| How many mV is a membrane at resting potential | 70 mV |
| At resting potential, the membrane is more permeable to ________ and less permeable to __________ | Potassium, Sodium |
| How many mV is threshold potential | 55 mV |
| ____________ channels open once threshold is reached, thus causing depolarization | sodium |
| In order to repolarize the cell, _____________ gates open to let it out | potassium |
| Which type of potential is all-or-none, nondecremental and irreversible | action potential |
| when does the absolute refractory period occur in action potentials | right above threshold so no stimulus will trigger AP; when Sodium gates are opened |
| When does relative refractory period occur | during repolarization when potassium gates are opened - only strong stimulus will trigger AP |
| a nerve signal is a chain reaction of | acction potentials |
| impulse conduction can only travel ________ from soma because of refractory period | away |
| type of potential where the stronger the stimulus, the stronger the reaction | graded potentials |
| potential that causes lgiand or mechanical channels to open | graded potential |
| type of potential that is decremental and either excitatory or inhibitory | graded potentials |
| What two things determine the speed of a nerve signal | diameter of fiber and presence of myelin |
| where are slow nerve signals used | stomach and dilate pupils |
| where are fast nerve signals used | skeletal muscles and sensory signals for vision |
| which is faster: a chemical synapse or an electrical synapse | electrical synapse |
| electrical synapses are faster because the current spreads to second neuron directly through ___________ | gap junctions |
| what type of synapse is has two way transmission and synchronization | electrical synapse |
| Where are electrical synapses found | smooth and cardiac muscle only |
| chain of amino acids that act as neurotransmitters | neuropeptides or neuromodulators |
| a positive voltage change in which postsynaptic cell is more likely to fire | excitatory postsynapitc potentials (EPSP) |
| negative voltage change where postsynaptic cell is less likely to fire | inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) |
| Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory | inhibitory |
Created by:
edeboo