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Muscles Lecture-Chp9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle cells that have been elongated | muscle fibers |
| what does the prefix "myo" mean? | muscle |
| what does the prefix "mys" mean? | muscle |
| what does the prefix "sarco" mean? | muscle |
| type of muscle that is striated, parallel and voluntary | skeltal muscles |
| type of muscle that is striated with intercalated disks, involuntary, branched | cardiac muscle |
| type of muscle: no striations, involuntary, fusiform shape | smooth muscles |
| connective tissue around individual muscle fibers | endomysium |
| connective tissue around bunddle of muslce cells called fasicles | perimysium |
| connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle | epimysium |
| where is superficial fascia found? | between hpodermis and muscle |
| cord like connective tissue that connects muscles to bone | tendon |
| flat sheets of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone | aponeurosis |
| point of muscle attachment that DOESN'T move during contration | origin |
| point of muscle attachment that DOES move during contraction | insertion |
| muscles always move across _____________ | joints |
| how do muscle cells become multinucleated? | multiple myoblansts fuse during development |
| membrane of muscle cell | sarcolemma |
| fluid on inside of muscle cell | sarcoplasm |
| what do glycosomes and myoglobin help do | help with muscle contractions |
| what is the order of muscle fiber components from largest to smallest | muscle fibers - myofibril - myofilament |
| another name for muscle fibers | myofiber |
| what do myofibrils cause | striation |
| what is myofilament made of | actin and myosin |
| What is a sarcomere | horizontal divisions of the myofibril - these are the function units of the muscle |
| What are the dark striations called? | Dark A bands |
| What are the lighter striations called? | Light I bands |
| Are A bands thick or thin | thick |
| Are I bands thick or thin | thin |
| What do A bands contain | a central H zone area that contains no thin filaments |
| What do I bands contain? | Z disc proteins |
| One Z disc protein to the next Z disc protein forms a | sarcomere |
| Why is the Z disc protein important? | anchors myacin and actin |
| What is the M line and what attached there? | middle of the sarcomere and proteins attach to adjacent fibers |
| Is myosin a thick or thin filament? | thick filament |
| Is actin a thick or thin filament? | thin filament |
| What type of proteins are tropomyoisin, troponin and titin | regulatory proteins |
| myofilaments are made up of | protein |
| membrane complex similar to smooth ER that surrounds the muscle cell like a loose sweater | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| T tubule are very similar to | highways because they can go deep inside the muscle cell |
| What filament are in a bundle with "heads" director outward in a spiral array arround the bundled tails | myosin thick filaments |
| What do terminal cisternae of a muscle cell store | Ca |
| Part of a muscle cell where one T tubule is surrounded by two terminal cistarnae | triad |
| area of a myofibril that has no thin filaments, only thick filaments | H zone |
| myosin and actin are _____________ proteins | contractile |
| tropopmyosin and toponin are _____________ proteins | regulatory |
| What do regulatory proteins of myofibrils do? | act like a switch that starts and stops shortening |
| What do contractile proteins of myofibrils do? | so the work of shortening the muscle |
| Do thick filmanet change length during contraction? | no |
| Do thin filaments change length during contraction | no |
| Do sarcomeres change length during contraction? | yes |
| region of contact between motor neuron and muscle fiber | neromusclular junction |
| What neurotransmitter is released to cause stimulation of muscle cells | acetylcholine or ACh |
| The synaptic bulb contains vesicles that cotain | ACh |
| The motor end plate has receptors for | ACh and acetylcholinesterase |
| What does acetylcholinesterase do and where is it found? | breaks down ACh for relaxation and it is found in the motor end plate |
| What are three ways to make more ATP? | creatine phosphate system, anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration |
| How long will the creatine phosphate ATP system provide energy? | 15 sec |
| How long will the anaerobic fermentation ATP system provide energy? | 30-40 seconds |
| How long will the aerobic fermentation ATP system provide energy? | 1 minutes and more |
| How many ATP does the aerobic system provide/ | 38 |
| How many ATP does the anaerobic system provide | 4 |
| What does the anaerobic ATP system break down for energy? | glucose from the blood and stored glycogen |
| If oxygen isn't present the anaerobic ATP system will produce ____________ from the glucose | lactic acid |
| Where does the aerobic ATP system get its oxygen? | blood and myoglobin in the muscle |
| What are some causes for fatigue? | low glycogen, low ATP, buildup of lactic acid, low ACh, leakage of Ca ions |
| What is meant by carbohydrate loading | pack glycogen into muscle cells |
| What are 3 purposes of repaying the oxygen debt? | replace oxygen reserves, replensih creatine phosphagen system and reconvert lactic acid to glucose |
| smooth, sustained muscle contraction (most movement) | tetanus |
| muscle contraction that develops tension without changing length | isometric muscle contraction |
| tension development while shortening or lengthening | isotonic muscle contraction |
| Type of muscle contraction occurring if you push somethign that is too heavy and you can't move it | isometric muscle contraction |
| type of muscle contraction done in a bicep curl up or curl down | isotonic muscle contraction |
| why doesn't cardiac muscle fatigue easily? | uses aerobic respriation almost exclusively and has more mitrochondria |
| Which type of muscle can use lactic acid as a benefit during exercise | cardiac muscle |
Created by:
edeboo