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Anatomy Chp 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| keratinocyte | stratified squamous cell that makes keratin |
| melanocyte | stratified squamous cell that produces melanin for skin color |
| langerhans' cell | stratified squamous cell which is a modied white blood cell which is the skin's second line of defense after the top layer of epidermis |
| merkel cells | stratified squamous cell that is a sensory neuron that detects light pressure |
| top layer of epidermis | stratum corneum |
| 2nd layer down of epidermis | stratum lucidum (very thin layers) |
| 3rd layer down of epidermis | stratum granulosum |
| 4th layer down of epidermis | stratum spinosum |
| bottom layer of epidermis | stratum basal |
| What makes up the stratum basal? | stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells |
| How many layers is the stratum basal? | one layer of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes |
| What makes up the stratum spinosum? | layers of keratinocytes and langerhans cells |
| What does the stratum spinosum appear spiky? | cells shrink as they move upward and the desmosomes stretch out as strands to hold them together |
| What is the stratum granulosa made of? | 3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes; karetinohyalin granules and lamellar granules for waterproofing |
| What layer of the epidermis do the cells begin to go through apoptosis? | stratum granulosa |
| What is the stratum lucidum made of? | thin translucent zone of flat, dead, keratinocytes |
| Where is stratum lucidum found? | only in very thick skin - palms and feet |
| What is the stratum corneum made of? | up to 30 layers of dead, scaly keratinized cells and lamellar granules for waterproofing |
| What is the dermis made of? | connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers |
| What and where is the dermis papillae? | top layer of the dermis that is made of areola connective tissue and it forms ridges for your fingerprints (looks like villi) |
| What are the two main layers of the dermis | papillary layer and reticular layer of dense irregular tissue |
| Does the dermis include hair, oil and sweat glands? | yes |
| What is the hypodermis? | layer under the dermis made of fascia which is a special type of areola connective tissue |
| What type of cells in the hypodermis mainly made of? | adipose tissue |
| Does the dermis papillae have a rich blood supply? | yes |
| Does the epidermis have a rich blood supply | no - gets blood from papillae |
| Why do people have different skin colors? | because of different amounts of proteins such as melanin, carotene and hemoglobin that are made |
| What color hue does carotene give? | yelow to organge |
| What color does hemoglobin give? | pinkish hue |
| cyanosis | blueness from low oxygen |
| erythema | redness from vasodialation |
| jaundice | yellow from excess billirubin in the blood |
| Pallor | pale from lack of blood flow |
| albinism | genetic lack of melanin |
| hematoma | bruise, visible clotted blood |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands |
| ceruminous glands | ear wax |
| What is the shape and function of apocrine gland | larger tubular gland that produces sweat containing fatty acids in response to stress |
| Where are apocrine glands found | armpits, chest, groin |
| What kind of gland is a mammary gland | modified aprocrine sweat gland in the breasts |
| What is human hair composed of? | hard keratin |
| On what type of skin is human hair found? | on all thin skin, never thick skin |
| Where does hair go through mitotic growth? | at the root |
| Where does a hair follicle get nutrients? | base of the follicle in the bulb there are lots of vacular papilla |
Created by:
edeboo