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neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain: frontal, parietal, temporal & occipital lobes, and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| # brain lobes | 4 lobes |
| frontal lobe | motor activity & speech (broca's area) |
| frontal lobe | autonomic activity (respiratory, GI, GU) |
| frontal lobe | learning |
| frontal lobe | judgement |
| frontal lobe | moral values |
| frontal lobe | personality |
| frontal lobe | behavior |
| parietal lobe | controls sensation |
| parietal lobe | light touch |
| parietal lobe | 2-point discrimination |
| parietal lobe | sterognosis |
| parietal lobe | body imagery |
| parietal lobe | position sense |
| temporal lobe | hearing (wernicke's area) |
| wernicke's area | ability to interpret words (like speaking another language) |
| broca's area | ability to find and use words (CVA pt says "Q-tip" instead of "pencil") |
| temporal lobe | smell |
| temporal lobe | taste |
| temporal lobe | vestibular functioning (balance) |
| temporal lobe | interpret sensations and produce appropriate emotions |
| occipital lobe | controls visual perception |
| occipital lobe | recognition/interpretation of visual stimuli |
| occipital lobe | storehouse for visual memory and association |
| cerebellum | motor coordination |
| cerebellum | equilibrium |
| cerebellum | muscle tone |
| cerebellum | coordination & smooth muscle movement |
| cerebellum | does not initiate movement, just makes it smooth movement |
| brainstem (components) | midbrain, pons, medulla |
| midbrain | contains many motor neuron and tracts |
| pons | enlarged area containing ascending and descending fiber tracts |
| medulla | vital autonomic centers -respiration, heart fxn, GI fxn |
| medulla | nuclei for CN VIII-XII |
| levels of consciousness | alert, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma |
| alert | awake and responsive |
| lethargy | somnolent, but can carry on a convo & fxn |
| obtundant | rousable to voice |
| stupor | rousable to physical stimuli (painful) |
| coma | responds to physical stimuli with primitive reflexes |
| coma scale- guide to assess pt /c head injury & inc. ICP | Glasgow's- eye opening, verbal response, motor response |
| expressive aphasia | inability to talk; can comprehend & follow commands; FRONTAL |
| receptive aphasia | inabilty to follow commands; pt speaks but response does not follow context- lack of comprehension; TEMPORAL |
| global aphasia | inability to talk and follow commands |
| inability to understand written language | occipital lobe damage |
| 31 pairs of spinal nerves = | 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
| descending neural pathways | motor (efferent) pathway |
| pyramidal tract | small movement |
| extrapyramidal tract | large movement |
| cerebellar tract | smooths movement |
| loss of muscle tone | flaccidity |
| increase of muscle tone | spasticity/rigidity |
| cerebellum function | RAM, FNF, HS |
| ascending neural pathway | sensory (afferent) pathway |
| posterior column | position, vibration, fine touch |
| spinothalamic tract (lateral) | pain, temperature |
| spinothalamic tract (anterior) | crude touch (sharp v. dull) |
| kinesthesia (proprioception) | position of extremities (finger is up or down?) |
| graphesthesia | draw invisible number on pt hand, pt identifies |
| stereognosis | pt closes eyes, identifies common object in hand (key) |
| CN 1 | olfactory |
| CN 2 | optic |
| CN 3 | oculomotor |
| CN 4 | trochlear |
| CN 5 | trigeminal |
| CN 6 | abducens |
| CN 7 | facial |
| CN 8 | acoustic |
| CN 9 | glossopharyngeal |
| CN 10 | vagus |
| CN 11 | spinal |
| CN 12 | hypoglossal |
| CN I fxn | sensory- smell |
| CN II fxn | sensory- vision |
| CN III fxn | mixed- EOMs & pupil constricion/lens shape |
| CN IV fxn | motor- EOM |
| CN V fxn | mixed- muscles of mastication, sensation of face/scalp/cornea |
| CN VI fxn | motor- EOM |
| CN VII fxn | mixed- facial movement (smile), taste ant. 2/3 tongue |
| CN VIII fxn | sensory- hearing |
| CN IX fxn | mixed- larynx/pharynx motion & gag reflex, taste post. 1/3 tongue |
| CN X fxn | mixed- larynx/pharynx motion, sensation from carotid body |
| CN XI fxn | motor- head/neck ROMs |
| CN XII fxn | motor- stick out tongue |
| deep tendon reflexes | biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, knee, ankle |
| superficial tendon reflexes | abdominal, cremastic (groin tickle), plantar |
| ankle clonus | pump ankle for 30 seconds then hold dorsiflexed; if ankle still pushes, clonus indicates upper motor neuron disease |
| babinski response | (+) toes flex out when bottom of foot is tickled |
Created by:
allisonfay