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musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| # bones in human body | 206 |
| # muscles in body | 650 |
| circumduction | circular movement (shoulder) |
| rotation | looking left, looking right |
| protraction | pushing chin out |
| retraction | pulling chin in |
| elevation | lift shoulder up |
| depression | push shoulder down |
| pronation | face down (hand- palm down) |
| supination | face up (hand-palm up) |
| abduction | moving extremity away from midline (arm up, out, over head) |
| adduction | moving extremity toward midline (arm down, in, across chest) |
| eversion | ankle curved out |
| inversion | ankle curved in |
| flexion | shortening of muscles/angle ("flex" biceps) |
| extension | lengthen muscles/angle (straight arm) |
| dorsiflexion | ankle flexed up to ceiling |
| plantar flexion | ankle flexed down to floor |
| muscle strength test (scale) | 0-5 of 5 |
| lateral bend | ears to shoulders |
| internal rotation (shoulder) | fastening a bra |
| external rotation (shoulder) | hands clasped behind head |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | swollen joints, painful, hot, red |
| osteoarthritis | stiffening of joints, no softness or swelling, no redness or heat, no tenderness to palpation |
| extra digit | polydactyly |
| digits fused together | syndactyly |
| internal rotation (hip) | turn knee inward |
| external rotation (hip) | turn knee out |
| # cervical vertebrae | c1- c7 |
| # thoracic vertebrae | t1- t12 |
| # lumbar vertebrae | L1- L4 |
| lordosis | exaggeration of lumbar curve, loss of thoracic curve (pregnant ppl) |
| kyphosis | increased thoracic curve, loss of lumbar curve (hump back) |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature of spine |
| functional scoliosis | apparent when standing, disappears with forward bending; compensation for deformity |
| structural scoliosis | fixed; curvature shows standing and bending over |