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cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| only artery to carry deoxy blood | pulmonary artery |
| only vein to carry oxygenated blood | pulmonary vein |
| side of heart with higher pressure | L side of heart (pressure) |
| largest vessel in body | aorta |
| pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node (SA node) |
| purkinje fibers | last electrical impulse of heart- keeps you alive |
| early diastole | atrium & ventricle resting |
| diastole | ventricle resting, atrium contracting |
| diastole (valves) | AV valves open, semilunar valves shut |
| systole | ventricular contraction, atrial resting |
| systole (valves) | semilunar valves open, AV valves shut |
| semilunar valves | aortic & pulmonic |
| AV valves | mitral & tricuspid |
| late diastole | atrium contracts for a firmer push of blood |
| S1, "lub" | beginning systole, AV valves shutting |
| S2, "dup" | diastole, semilunar valves shutting |
| stenotic valves | calcification of valves; creates turbulent flow, may cause an extra sound when opened |
| incompetent valves | abn valves that allow back flow or regurgitation of blood (eroded or floppy.. MVP) |
| mitral valve closure | best heard at 5th ICS, midclav (@apical) |
| tricuspid valve closure | heard best @ 4-5th ics @ left sternal border |
| aortic valve closure | heard at 2nd ics, R sternal border |
| pulmonic valve closure | heard at 2nd ics, L sternal border |
| orthopnea | trouble breathing when laying down |
| dry cough | trying to clear lungs congested w/ blood |
| cardiac risk factors | high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, low exercise, stress, diabetes, family hx, being male, females postmenopause |
| S1, AV valves | coincides with carotid pulse |
| S3 | insufficient pumping of blood.. blood rushing in hits blood still in chamber; "Kentucky" rhythm; CHF |
| S4 | resistant to filling, stiffening of heart; "tennessee"; cardiomyopathy |
| summation gallop | cardiomyopathy going into CHF; "mississippi" |
| S2, semilunar valves | pulmonic, aortic; heard loudest at base |
| left lateral position | listen to apex of heart |
| pt sits up, leans fwd | listen to base of heart; good for murmurs |
| internal jugular | vessel medial to sternomastoid muscle (vein) |
| external jugular | vessel lateral to sternomastoid muscle |
| carotid artery | vessel medial to sternomastoid (artery) |
| R-sided heart failure | jugular venous pressure >3cm |
| L-sided heart failure | pt experiences orthopnea |
| epitrochlear lymph nodes | inside arm.. shake hands & feels between bi&triceps |
| edema scale | 1+ to 4+ |
| chronic arterial insuff. | *cooler temp *pallor (esp on elevation) OR dusky redness (if blood is stuck) *progressive pain at rest *decrease or absent pulses *thin, shiny, atrophic skin *loss of hair over foot & toes *thickened nails *ulcers on TOES *gangrene, <02=<healing |
| chronic venous insuff. | *aching pain on dependency *normal pulses; possibly hard to find *edema *petechiae *brown pigmentation r/t bilirubin backup from breakdown of petechiae *thickened skin *ulcerations at SIDE OF ANKLES due to inc. pressure *normal temp *no gangrene |
| deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) | *sharp, deep calf muscle pain *increasing pain /c dorsiflexion (Homan's sign) *sometimes: warmth, swelling, redness. *always: tender to palpation |
Created by:
allisonfay