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Praxis vocab #3
end
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) | An uncommon motor neuron disease in which the LMN is uninvolved. |
| Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP) | A syndrome characterized by LMN weakness involving the muscles of the cranial nerves. Often thought of as ALS without the involvement of the limbs. Commonly associated with dysphagia. |
| Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) | A degenerative neurological disease associated with neuronal atrophy. PSP results in multiple system degeneration, which often looks like Parkinson's Disease, but is typically more involved. |
| Quadriplegia Paralysis | of the four extremities. |
| Qualifier | A word that modifies the meaning of another word. |
| Quality | A characteristic. Degree of greatness. |
| Quantifier | Word used to express the amount of some quantity. |
| Quantity | Something that can be measured. |
| Question | Information Request. |
| Random | Chance occurrence. |
| Range | Distance of two values from each other. |
| Rarefaction | The process of compacting particle matter. |
| Rate | Speed of transmission. |
| Rate Control | Method used in therapy to improve intelligibility by slowing rate and increasing articulatory range of motion. |
| Rate of Maturation | Time periods in which developmental milestones are expected to be achieved. |
| Raw Score | Number of items passed. |
| Reaction Time | Interval between a stimulus and some response. |
| Reasoning | Application of general principles to problem solving. |
| Rigidity | Term used to refer to slowness and stiffness of movement. |
| Saccule | Small sac. |
| Sagittal | Anterior to posterior direction. |
| Salience | Importance. |
| Sample | A small group used to represent the larger population. |
| Schizophrenia | Collection of psychotic disturbances. e.g. childhood schizophrenia is a disorder of childhood, marked by lack of communication with others and an impairment of reality. |
| Senescence | Term used to refer to the process of aging. |
| Senile | Of old age. |
| Sensation | Awareness via the senses. |
| Sequential Motion Rate (SMR) | Involves measuring the ability to move rapidly between different articulatory postures. For example, rapidly articulating puh-tuh-kuh repeatedly. |
| Single-Photon Emission | Computed A procedure in which the amount of Tomography (SPECT) blood flowing through a structure can be examined. The computer displays blood flow concentrations on a monitor using different colors that allow for the examiner to describe the amount of blo |
| Skeletal Muscles | The muscles involved in moving body parts through the exertion of muscle fibers, joints and tendons. |
| Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD) | The term used to describe a focal laryngeal dystonia in which the vocal folds spasm in the adducted, abducted, or a combination of these positions during phonation. |
| Spirantization | Thought to be a result of articulatory undershooting in which the stop gap of a consonant (stop or affricate) is replaced with low intensity frication (viewed by means of an acoustic waveform). |
| Stenosis | Narrowing of a structure; constriction of a hollow organ typically due to scar tissue formation. |
| Tactile | Referring to the sense of touch. |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Hyperkinetic, involuntary movements, typically associated with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. |
| Target | Projected goal or sound. |
| Telecoil | Hearing aid coil used to pick up telephone signals. |
| Telecommunication | Device for the Deaf A device that allows for hearing (TDD) impaired individuals to send and receive messages. |
| Telegraphic Speech | An utterance that is shortened by using the most important words needed to convey its meaning. |
| Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) | A brief loss of hearing sensitivity, commonly the result of a short period of noise exposure. |
| Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome | Impairment of the structure and function of the TMJ, resulting in discomfort while performing daily activities, such as eating, speaking, etc. |
| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) | Joint that allows for up and down movement of the jaw. |
| Tendon | Fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone. |
| Tension | Physical, mental, or emotional strain. |
| Theory | Logical explanation. |
| Therapeutic | Referring to treatment. |
| Therapeutic Error Signal | Methods and procedures involved in determining a patients best modality. |
| Thoracic | Of the thorax. |
| Threshold | The lowest sensation level needed for awareness to occur. |
| Threshold Shift | A change in hearing sensitivity. |
| Tic | An involuntary spasm. |
| Timbre | Sound Quality. |
| Time Out (TO) | Period during which an individual is not reinforced for a behavior. Typically, used as a means of punishment for some undesirable behavior. |
| Tinnitus | Term used to refer to ringing of the ears. |
| Tip of The Tongue | Referring to a situation in which an individual has difficulty coming up with a word. |
| Tolerance | To resist strain. |
| Tomography | Method of obtaining an x-ray picture of structure or pathology by using radiography. |
| Tone Decay | A decrease in hearing sensitivity of a faint sound. |
| Tone Focus | Therapy technique used in treating voice disorders in which emphasis is placed on focusing resonance in a particular cavity, usually the oral cavity in order to project the voice without straining. |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | Also known as mini strokes. These short-lived neurological events usually precede more severe strokes and usually last only a few seconds or a few minutes. |
| Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) | Term used to describe focal or diffuse injury to the brain. Encompasses both injuries of the penetrating and closed head type. |
| Ulcer | A lesion that is located on the surface of skin or mucosa. |
| Ultrasonic | Referring to sounds not located within the range of hearing. |
| Ultrasound | Inaudible sound pressure waves. |
| Uncomfortable Loudness Level (UCL) | Threshold at which sound becomes too painful to listen to. |
| Understand | To comprehend. |
| Unilateral | Term used to describe one side. |
| Unilateral | Meaning one-side. |
| Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) | Refers to the direct activation pathway within the CNS. This direct activation pathway is believed to be related to facilitating the fine and discrete movements responsible for speech. |
| Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) | Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract caused by an influx of pathological microorganisms. |
| Utterance | An expression of words that are preceded by and ended by a period of silence. |
| Uvula AKA "The Velum" | The tissue that hangs from the posterior portion of the soft palate. |
| Uvular | Relating to the velum. |
| Validity | The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. |
| Vascular | Referring to blood vessels. |
| Velocity | Referring to rate and distance of travel. Velopharyngeal |
| Ventricle | The region between the vocal folds and ventricular folds. |
| Ventricular Folds | False vocal folds. Referring to the tissue above the true vocal folds. |
| Vernacular Language | Industry specific terminology. |
| Vertigo | Dizziness typically associated with pathology of the ear. |
| Vestibule | Bony cavity of the inner ear; also the opening or entrance way into the larynx. |
| Vibration | Repeated motion. |
| Vibrato | A rhythmic fluctuation of pitch or intensity used during singing. |
| Videofluoroscopy | n imaging technique used to evaluate structure and function. |
| Videostroboscopy | Method of laryngeal analysis in which the mechanical properties of the larynx and vibratory patterns of the vocal folds are captured with a stroboscopic light and video camera. |
| Viscera | Organs of the thorax and abdomen. |
| Vocabulary Words | in a particular language, industry, or area of study. |
| Vocal | Referring to the organ for voice and speech. |
| Vocal Abuse | Behaviors not conducive to vocal health. |
| Vocal Attack | The manner in which the vocal folds come together to produce voice. |
| Vocal Cord Cyst | A cystic formation that occurs in the subepithelial space of the vocal fold. |
| Vocal fatigue | Used to describe the weakening of the voice with excessive use. |
| Vocal Misuse | The faulty use of pitch, loudness, breathing technique, or rate. |
| Vocal Nodule | A lesion occurring most often at the junction of the anterior 1/3, posterior 2/3 of the vocal folds, usually caused by vocal abuse and misuse. |
| Vocal Tremor | Pitch and/or loudness fluttering. |
| Vocalization | A sound produced in the vocal tract. |
| Voice Onset Time (VOT) | Temporal lag between the release of a consonant and the initiation of voicing. |
| Voice Quality | Perceptual characteristics of the voice. |
| Voice Register | Pitch range associated with a specific mode of voice. |
| Voice rest | Method of preserving vocal health by limiting the amount of voice use. |
| Voice Termination Time (VTT) | Time it takes for phonation to cease. |
| Volume Unit Meter (VU Meter) | An input signal monitor. In audiometry, a VU Meter allows the audiologist to monitor the intensity of speech when testing a client with live-speech |
| Vowel | A voiced speech sound produced with an unrestricted vocal tract. |
| Vowel Quadrilateral | A schematic of vowel location as they are typically produced in the vocal tract. |
| Waveform | In speech, a graphic representation of the intensity and amplitude of a speech-sound signal. |
| Wavelength | Referring to the distance that a wave travels in a cycle. |
| Webbing | An abnormal condition in which a band of tissue connects two structures that are side by side. See also laryngeal web. |
| Whisper | Non-voiced sound. |
| Word-Finding Difficulty | Problem in the retrieval of words from memory. |
| Yawn-Sigh | Approach Voice and fluency therapy technique designed to help eliminate hard glottal contact and to use greater airflow while speaking. |
Created by:
dbrinker