| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Function r/t Kidneys | Urine formation, Excretion of waste, Acid-base regulation, Water balance, BP control |
| Renal replacement therapy indication r/t Nephrons | Total functioning nephrons < 20% normal |
| Juncitons of ureters have propensity for obstruction by | Renal calculi |
| Most serious junction obstruction | Ureteropelvic d/t close proximity of kidney |
| Allows continentence to be maintained | External urinary sphincter |
| Antidiuretic hormone synonym | Vasopressin |
| ADH is secreted by | Posterior portion of Pituitary gland(PPP) |
| Early sign of kidney disease r/t Urine specific gravity | Fixed specific gravity indicates inability to concentrate and dilute urine |
| One pound = r/t Overall fluid status | 500 mL |
| Normal serum Na level | 135-145 |
| Na is only cation that exerts significant osmotic pressure, thus it is linked to | Blood volume and BP |
| Aldosterone function | Regulates Na volume |
| Increased aldosterone r/t Na excretion | Less Na is excreted, Aldosterone conserves Na and Water |
| Aldosterone r/t K excretion | Aldosterone causes K excretion |
| Most life-threatening effect of renal failure | K Retention |
| Bicarbonate r/t Kidney function | Kidney reabsorbs and returns to circulation |
| 2 important chemical buffers | Phophate ions & Ammonia |
| Angiotensin II r/t BP | Causes BP to increase, Most powerful vasoconstrictor known |
| Renal clearance | Kidneys ability to clear solutes from plasma |
| Method to test reanl clearance | 24-hour urine collection |
| Creatinine clearance r/t Glomerular filtration rate(GFR) | CC decreases as renal function decreases |
| Bladder capacity | 1500-2000 mL |
| Strong desire to void r/t 350 mL or more of urine | "Functional capacity" |
| GFR r/t Aging | GFR decreases |
| Tenderness location r/t Kidneys | Costobertebral Angle(CVA) tenderness |
| Urine leakage during Valsalva maneuver & Marshall-Boney maneuver | Refer to MD |
| Urine specific gravity r/t Fluid intake | Inverse relationship, Fluid intake increases so Urine specific gravity decreases |
| Diabetes r/t Urine specific gravity | DI: Decreased urine specific gravity, DM:urine specific gravity increases |
| Pt Care during Urologic testing w/Contrast agents | Have emergency equipment available, Know Pt allergy to iodine |
| Examples r/t Tests that use contrast agents | MRI, IV Urography, Retrograde pyelography, Cystography, Voiding Cystourethrography, Renal angiography |
| Pt restrictions r/t Cystoscopy | NPO for several hours before |
