| Question |
Answer |
| Most common reason for seeking health care |
Upper Respiratory Infections(URI's) |
| 90% of URI's are d/t |
Viral infection |
| Drugs causing Drug-induced Rhinitis |
Antihypertensive agents, Oral contraceptives, Chronic use of nasal decongestants |
| Rhinitis(Common cold) d/t inflamed |
Mucous membranes |
| Sinusitis d/t |
Mucous secretions filling and occluding sinus cavities |
| Time b/w Nasal spray administrations |
At least 1 minute, Clean spray after each use |
| Women vs. Men r/t Rhinitis susceptibility |
Women are more susceptible |
| Three major time periods r/t Rhinitis |
September(school begins), Late January, End of April |
| Cold temperatures and exposure to rainy weather r/t Incidence/severity of Common colds |
No relationship |
| Antibiotic usage r/t Rhinitis |
Contraindicated b/c they do not effect viruses |
| Most effective measure to prevent transmission of organisms |
Handwashing |
| Acute vs. Subacute vs. Chronic sinusitis |
A:rapid-onset infection cured w/treatment, S:persistent nasal discharge not cured w/treatment lasting < 3 months, C:symptoms > 3 months |
| Determining acute bacterial sinusitis |
Four or more symptoms must be present |
| Rebound congestion r/t Decongestant spray dependence |
When decongestant is stopped, nasal passages close and congestion occurs |
| Pt's susceptible to fungal sinusitis |
Immunocompromised Pt's |
| Time period in which periorbital edema is most pronounced |
Awakening in morning |
| Head position r/t Rhinitis/Sinusitis drainage promotion |
Head elevated & Fowler's positions |
| Most cases of acute pharyngitis d/t |
Viral infections |
| Strep throat is acute pharyngitis is caused by |
Bacterial infections |
| S/Sx r/t Acute pharyngitis |
Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils, Lymph structures swollen w/white-purple exudate, No cough |
| Areas swabbed r/t Rapid Strep Test(RST)- Both tonsils & posterior pharyngeal wall |
(blank) |
| Hypertrophic vs. Atrophic vs. Chronic granular r/t Chronic pharyngitis |
H:thickening and congestion of pharyngeal mucous membranes, A:pharyngeal mucous membranes are thin, glistening and sometimes wrinkled, CG:numerous swollen lymph follicles on pharyngeal wall |
| Signs r/t Acute laryngitis |
Hoarseness/aphonia & sever cough |
| Aphonia |
Complete loss of voice |
| Improving throat pain r/t Acute laryngitis |
Warmer climates and later time of day |
| Factors of increased fluid loss d/t URI's |
Increased respiratory rate leads to increased insensible loss, Fever increases metabolic rate and diaphoresis |
| Obstructive vs. Central vs. Mixed sleep apneas |
O:pharyngeal occlusion, C:simultaneous cessation of air flow and respiratory movements, M:both obstructive and central apnea w/in one apneic episode |
| Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) characteristics |
Snoring w/breathing cessation at least 5x per hour |
| Epistaxis |
Hemorrhage from nose(nosebleed) |
| Initial treatment r/t Epistaxis |
Apply direct pressure to soft portion of nose w/Pt sitting upright w/head tilted forward for at least 5 minutes |
| Most common fracture r/t Face & body |
Nasal fracture |
| Clear fluid draining from nasal fracture indicates |
Leakage of CSF |
| Test determing CSF leakage |
dipstick(Dextrostix) |
| Initial hand placement r/t Abd Thrust Maneuver |
Thumb side of fist above navel & below xiphoid process |
| Fowler's positions r/t Laryngectomy |
Promotes patent airway and lung expansion, Decreases surgical edema |
| Early ambulation prevents |
Atelectasis, Pneumonia, DVT |
| Time schedule r/t Changing/cleaning inner cannula |
Every 8 hours |
| Time schedule r/t Stoma cleaning |
Daily |
| Large amounts of musous are coughed up through stoma until |
Tracheobronchial mucosa adapts to altered physiology |
| Hands r/t IV infusions and Writing |
Writing hand is documented so opposite arm is used for IV infusion so Pt can still communicate afer laryngectomy |
| Sweet foods r/t Adequate hydration & nutrition |
Avoid b/c they increase salivation and suppress appetite |
| S/Sx r/t Respiratory distress/hypoxia |
Restlessness, Irritation, Agitation, Confustion, Tachypnea, Accessory muscle usage, Decreased oxygen saturation |
| ADL special precautions r/t Laryngectomy |
Shower, Swimming not recommended, Haircuts, No strenous exercise |
| Exercise r/t Laryngectomy |
All exercise may be enjoyed except strenous exercise |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
