| Question |
Answer |
| Lower Respiratory Tract function |
Gas exchange |
| Lobes r/t Left lung |
Left lung has Less lobes(2) |
| Respiration |
Gas exchange b/w air and blood, Gas exchange b/w blood and cells |
| Diffusion |
oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange |
| Causes r/t Increased airway resistance |
Bronchial contraction(asthma), Thickened mucosa(chronic bronchitis), Obstruction, Decreased lung elasticity(emphysema) |
| Pulmonary perfusion |
Blood flow thru pulmonary circulation |
| Tidal volume |
Volume of air inhaled/exhaled w/each breath |
| Expiratory reserve volume |
Max volume exhaled forcibly after normal exhalation |
| V/Q imbalances d/t |
Inadequate ventilation, Inadequate perfusion, Both |
| 2 ways O is carried in blood |
Dissolved in plasma, Hemoglobin |
| PaO normal values |
80-100 mm Hg |
| Respiratory function r/t Aging |
Reduced surface area, elasticity & vital capacity, Increased dead space |
| Major S/Sx r/t Respiratory disease |
Dyspnea, Sputum production, Chest pain, Clubbing, Hemoptysis, Cyanosis |
| Acute vs. Chronic lung diseases r/t Dyspnea severity |
Acute are more severe |
| Sudden dyspnea r/t Immobilized Pt's |
Pulmonary embolism |
| Orthopnea found in Pt's w/ |
Heart disease, COPD |
| Dyspnea w/expiratory wheeze |
COPD |
| Wheezing r/t Asthma |
Present during inspiration and expiration |
| Other disorders that may cause dyspnea |
Cardiac disease, Anaphylactic reactions, Severe anemia |
| Relief of dyspnea r/t Resting Pt's |
High Fowler's(head elevation), Oxygen administration |
| Cough d/t |
Irritation of mucous membranes in respiratory tracts |
| Cough in morning w/sputum |
Bronchitis |
| Purulent sputum d/t |
Bacterial infection |
| Frothy, pink sputum d/t |
Pulmonary edema |
| Hemoptysis |
Expectoration of blood |
| Late indicator of hypoxia |
Cyanosis |
| Barrel chest d/t |
Emphysema |
| PaCO r/t Hyperventilation |
Decreased levels |
| Hyperventilation r/t Severe acidosis |
Kussmaul's respiration |
| Alternating episodes of apnea w/periods of deep and shallow breathing |
Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
| Wheezes d/t |
Bronchial wall oscillation, Changes in airway diameter |
| Wheezes usually heard during |
Expiration |
| More conclusive- ABG vs. Pulse oximetry |
ABG |
| Pt cannot be discharged from recovery area until |
Cough reflex & Respiratory status return |
Biology Lab Midterm
