| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Eupnea | Normal breathing |
| Apnea | Not breathing |
| Platypnea | Can breath better when laying down. |
| Orthopnea | Can breath better when sitting up. |
| Cheyne Stokes | Gradual increase of breathing followed by a gradual decrease in breathing followed by apnea. |
| Kussmal breathing | Deep rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other types of acidosis. |
| Biot's breathing | Irregular breathing followed by apnea seen in patients with ICP. |
| Tachypnea | Rapid breathing. |
| Hyperpnea | Deeper and more rapid than normal breathing at rest. |
| Bradypnea | Slow respiratory frequency. |
| Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea | Dyspnea during the night. |
| Exertional Dyspnea | Dyspnea that occurs only durring exertion. |
| Kyphoscoliosis | Kyphosis (hunch back) plus Scoliosis (lateral curvature) |
| Kyphosis | Abnormal AP curvature causing a hunch back. |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature |
| Barrel Chest | A chest with increased anteroposterior diameter, seen in patients with emphysema. |
| Pectus Excavatum | Funnel chest (concaved) |
| Pectus Carinatum | Pigeon breast (protruding) |
| Jugular Venous Pressure | Reflects the volume of blood and pressure to the right side of the heart. Right heart failure can increase it. |
| Right heart failure | Corepulmonade |
| Paradoxical Pulse | A reverse of normal pulse, durring inspiration pulse is weaker and stronger durring exhalation. Seen in Cardiac Tamponade. |
| Blood pressure higher than 140/90 | Hypertension |
| Causes of Hypertension | Increased ICP, Corpulmonale, hypervolemia, hypoxemia, and sympathomimetics. |
| Blood pressure lower than 90/60 | Hypotension |
| Causes of Hypotension | Hypovolemia, left ventricular failure, peripheral vasodilation/sepsis, beta blockers, positive pressure ventilation, and PEEP/CPAP. |
| past medical HX | Childhood diseases and development, hospitalizations, surgeries, injuries, accidents, major illnesses, alergies, and medications. |
| Hemoptysis | Blood in sputum or blood from the lungs. |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood or blood from the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Hyperthermia | Temp increase cuasing increase of O2 consumption and CO2 production. Also causes increase in ventilation and circulation. |
| Fever | Temp increase caused by disease. |
| Pleuritic chest pain | Located laterally or posteriorly worsens if patient takes a deep breath. Sharp stabbing type pain. |
| Nonpleuritic | Located in the center of the anterior of chest and may radiate to the shoulder or back. Not affected by breathing, dull ache. |
| Vital signs | HR 60 to 100, BP 90 to 140/60 to 90, Temp 98.6, RR 12 to 18. |
