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AP Lang&Comp Terms
terms used for the multiple choice and essay sections on the English AP Language
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| loose sentence | type of sentence where main idea comes first followed by dependant clauses |
| metaphor | figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things without using like or as |
| metonymy | figure of speech where the name of the object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it (the White House declared) |
| mood | author's attitude toward the subject and the feeling of the work |
| narrative | telling of a story |
| onomatopoeia | sound words (crash, bang, boom) |
| oxymoron | apparently contradictory terms grouped to suggest a paradox (jumbo shrimp, tough love) |
| paradox | appears self-contradictory but holds some degree of truth/validity |
| parallelism | grammatical/rhetorical framing of words to give structural similarity |
| parody | work that closely imitates the style or content of another with specific aim to mock the original |
| pedantic | adj that is overly scholarly |
| periodic sentence | dependant clauses then main point (crescendo) |
| personification | inanimate objects are given human attributes (the bench was lonely) |
| point of view | perspective from which story is told |
| predicate adjective | adj that follows linking verb (my b/f is talk, dark, and handsome - tall, dark &handsome) |
| predicate nominative | n./group n./n. clause that renames the subject (lincoln was a man of integrity - man of intergrity) |
| prose | fiction or nonfiction |
| repetition | duplication or any element of language |
| rhetoric | describes principles governing art of writing |
| rhetorical modes | major kinds of writing |
| sarcasm | bitter irony |
| satire | work that targets human vices and follies, makes fun of to provoke change |
| simile | explicit comparison using like or as |
| style | way work is written |
| subordinate clause | clause that can't stand alone |
| syllogism | deductive system of reasoning that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion (All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.) |
| symbol/symbolism | anything that represents/stands for something else |
| syntax | way author choses to form sentences |
| theme | central idea or message of work |
| thesis | in expository writing - directly expresses author's point |
| tone | author's attitude toward audience/material, similar to mood |
| transition | word/phrase that links different ideas |
| understatement | ironic minimization of fact, presents something as less significant than it is |
| wit | intellectually amusing manguage that surprises and delights |
| synesthesia | experience a sense through another sense (hear with your eyes) |
| juxtaposition | placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast |
| irony/ironic | contrast between what is stated and what is really meant |
| invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language |
| inference/infer | draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented |
| imagery | the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions |
| hyperbole | figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement |
| homily | sermon, any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice |
| genre | major category into which a literary work fits |
| generic conventions | describes traditions for each genre |
| figure of speech | device used to produce figurative language |
| figurative language | writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning |
| extended metaphor | metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently or throughout work |
| euphamism | more agreeable/less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts (killed by friendly fire, passed away, eternal rest) |
| didactic | instructive work |
| diction | related to style, writer’s word choices with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness |
| denotation | dictionary definition of a word |
| connotation | the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word – suggested meaning |
| conceit | fanciful expression, usually in form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy. Displays intellectual cleverness due to unusual comparison being made |
| colloquialism | slang or informality in speech or writing |
| clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. |
| chiasmus | figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms. “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country” |
| caricature | representation in which the subject’s distinctive features and peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect |
| atmosphere | emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work |
| apostrophe | figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person/personified abstraction (liberty, love). Effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. (i.e.: William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, “Milton, thou shouldst be liv |
| aphorism | well known quote or proverb |
| antithesis | figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure. The resulting parallelism serves to emphasize opposition of the ideas. (i.e. “too black for hell, to white for heaven") |
| antecedent | word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |
| analogy | similarity/comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by pairing it with something more familiar |
| ambiguity | multiple or unclear meaning, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
| allusion | direct or indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known (event, book, place, work of art, historical, literary, religious, etc.) |
| alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds in two+ neighboring words |
| allegory | device of using character/story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction and a literal meaning (i.e. character represents hope/freedom) |
| ad hominem argument | argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason (feeling instead of intellect), Latin for "to or against the man" |
Created by:
hrsheykissesx3
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