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chapter9memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| encoding | the processing of infroamtion into the memroy system, for example by extracting meaning |
| storage | the retention of encoded information over time |
| retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage |
| long term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
| short term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten |
| automatic procssing | unconscious encoding of incidental ifnoramtion, such as space, time, and freuqnecy and of well learned information such as word meanings |
| effortful processing | encoding the requires attention and conscious effort |
| rehearsal | the conscious repetition of infroamtion, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage CONSCIOUS REPETITION |
| semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words |
| acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words |
| visual encoding | the encoding of picture images |
| imagery | mentalpicutres, a powerful aid to effortful processing especialyl when combinated with semantic encoding |
| mnemonics | memory aids especilyl those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices |
| chunking | organizing items into familiar manageable units ofte occurs automatically |
| sensory memory | the immediate, initial recoridn go sensory inforamtion in the memory system |
| iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a photographic or pciure-imge memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
| echoic memroy | amometnary sensory memory of audtory stimuli, if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
| long term potentiation | an increase in a synapses firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. believed to e aneural basis fo rlearning and memory |
| amnesia | the loss of memory |
| implicit memory | retention without conscious recollection of skills and dispositions |
| explicit memory | memory of fact adn experineces that one can conscious know and declare |
| hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage |
| recall | a measure of memroy in which the person must retrieve ifnoramtin learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test |
| reconition | a measure of memroy in which the peson need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test |
| relearning | a memory measure thtat assesses the amoutn of time saved when relearnined previously learned inforamtion |
| priming | the activiation, often unconsciously, of parotuclar associations in memory |
| deja vu | the eerie sense of ive experienced this before |
| mood congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consittent with ones current mood |
| proactivie interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new ifnroamtion |
| retro active interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anzniety |
| misinformation effec | incorporating misleading information into ones mmeory of an event |
| source amnesia | attirbuting to the wrong source an event that we experienced, heard about, read about or iamgined |
Created by:
lilee256