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Scanlon A&P ch 3
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory | th best explanation of all available evidence |
| cells | the smallest living subunits of a multicellular organixm |
| microns | 1/25000 of an inch |
| plasma membrane or cell membrane | made of phospholipids cholesterol and proteins |
| pores | channels to permit passage of materials |
| enzymes | carriers that help substances enter the cell |
| antigens | markers that identify the cells of an individual as "self" |
| receptors sites | groups of proteins that bond with hormones causing chemical r4eactions within the cell membrane or the interior of the cell |
| selectively permeable | substances are permitted to pass through and others are not |
| nucleus | within the cytoplasm contains nucleoli and chromosomes of the cell |
| nuclear membrane | double layer membrane around nucleus that has many pores |
| nucleolus | small sphere made of DNA RNA and protein, the control center for the cell |
| chromosomes | made of DNA and protein humans have 46 (23 pairs) |
| chromatin | long threads that make up chromosomes |
| gene | genetic code for one protein |
| cytoplasm | water solution of minerals, gases, and organic molecules found between the cell membrane and nucleus |
| organnelles | intracellular structures with specific roles in cellular function |
| endoplasmic reticulum | extensive network of membranous tubules, passage way for transport of materials necessary for cell funcion |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| golgi apparatus | site of carbohydrate systhesis |
| mitochondria | site of aerobic reactions of cellular respiration (ATP production) |
| aerobic | oxygen requiring |
| lysosomes | bacterial destroying structures |
| centrioles | pairs fo rod shaped structures located outside the nucleus that organize the spindle fibers during cell division |
| cilia | short hair like projections taht sweep material across cell surface |
| flagellum | long hair like projecion used for motility |
| motility | movement |
| microvilli | fold of cell membrane on the free surface of a cell for increase surface area for absorption |
| diffusion | movement of molecules in a liquid or gas |
| concentration gradient | movement of molecules from area of greater contration to lesser concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane or barrier |
| facilitated diffusion | molecules move through a membrane from greater to lesser concentration but they need assistance |
| carrier enzymes (transporters) | protiens that are part of the cell membrane that bonds to glucose to transport the glucose into the interior of the cell |
| active transport | requires ATP to move molecules from areas of lesser concentration |
| filtration | water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from area of higher pressure to lower pressure requires energy from mechanical pressure but not ATP |
| blood pressure | created by pumping of the heart, filtration |
| phagocytosis | white blood cell engulfing bacteria, mobile. example- white blood cells |
| pinocytosis | absorb small molecules, stationary example- cells of the kidney tubules |
| isotonic | solution with same salt concentration than in cells |
| hypotonic | solution with a lower salt concentration than in cells |
| hypertonic | solutions with higher salt concentration than in cells |
| DNA | double ostrand of nucleotides |
| double helix | shaped like a spiral ladder |
| genetic code | sequences of bases in our DNA |
| genome | DNA of our 46 chromosomes |
| gene | code for one protein |
| triplet or codon | code for single amino acid consisting of 3 bases in the DNA |
Created by:
eestrand