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FINAL CRAP
world geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 themes-types | location, place, movement, HEI, region |
| location | where is it? |
| absolute location | the precise spot of a geographic feature |
| 5 themes-define | ways geographers organize info about the earth |
| relative location | the position of a place in relation to another place on the earth |
| absolute example | 23N 80W |
| relative example | houston is on the gulf coast |
| place | the physical and human characteristics of an area that are used to describe it and distinguish it from another area--What is it like? |
| types of place | physical and human |
| types of location | relative and absolute |
| physical | climate, vegetation, landforms |
| human | population, regions, customs, langueges, government |
| movement | how do peoples goods and ideas move from one place to another |
| movement types | linear, time, psychological |
| linear | how far a person, good or idea moves |
| time | amount of time a person, idea, or good travels |
| psychological | the way people percieve distance. age and familiarity are the primary factors |
| HEI | how do people relate to the physical world?--how people adapt and change their environment and how people deal with the consequences of those changes |
| HEI ex's | irrigation, pollution, tech. advances |
| region | how are places similar or different?--a group of places that share common characteristics |
| region types | formal, functional, perceptual |
| formal | places with similar attributes ex: climate region, chinatown |
| functional | places connected by movements-ex: houston and saudi arabia by oil |
| perceptual | an area in which people percieve the characteristics of the region the same way ex: the "bad" area of town |
| 4 largest plates | Pacific, African, North American, Eurasion |
| A | art |
| B | buildings |
| C | communication |
| D | dress |
| E | economy |
| F | family |
| G | government |
| H | history |
| I | icon |
| J | jobs |
| K | k----nowledge |
| L | language |
| M | movement |
| N | national pride |
| O | organizations |
| P | population |
| Q | quality of life |
| R | religion |
| S | status |
| T | taboos |
| U | urban or rural |
| V | vacation and recreation |
| W | ways of everyday life |
| X | x marks the spot |
| Y | yum |
| Z | zzzzzzzzzzztuff |
| accultration | the process by which a person from oen culture adopts traits of another culture |
| acid rain | type of chemical weathering-formed when sulfer and nitrogen oxides mix with water-caused by air pollution-kills forests and damages trees |
| biomes | regional ecosyste; an ecosystem is reffered to as a biome; further divided into forest, grassland, desert, and tundra |
| birth rate | the number of live births per total popultaion, often expressed per thousand population |
| carrying capacity | the number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects; more with more fertile soil |
| Central Business District | the core of a city which is almost always based on commercial activity; expensive land with offices and stores |
| Climate zones | tropical, temperate, polar |
| tropical | wet, wet and dry |
| temperate | arid, semiarid, meditteranean, humid tropical, marine west coast, humid continental, subarctic |
| polar | tundra, ice cap |
| highland | in all three( tropical, temperate, polar) |
| tropical lat | 0-23.5 |
| temperate lat | 23.5-66.5 |
| polar lat | 66.5-90 |
| communism | a system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production: China |
| convection | the transfer of heat in the atmoshpere by upward motion of the air: wind and ocean currents |
| cultivation | having culture afected on or having to do with climate zones |
| death rate | the number of deaths per thousand people; a societey is healthy if the death rate is low |
| country/state | a political term describing an independant unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs |
| democracy | a type of government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives: US |
| dictatorship | an individual or group holds complete political power: North Korea |
| diffusion | the spread of ideas, inventions or patters of behavior to different societies |
| economic activity | primary, secondar, tertiary, quaternary |
| primary | involve gathering raw materials sch as timber for immediat use or to use in making of a final product |
| secondary | adding value to materials by changing their forms: maufacturing automobiles |
| tertiary | providing business or professional services: salespeople, doctor, teacher, craphole |
| quaternary | provide info, management, and research services by highly trained persons |
| equinox | each of the two days in a year on which day and night are equal in length; marks beginning of spring and autumn |
| solstice | either of two times a year when the sun's rays shine directly overhead at noon at the furthest points nor or south and that mark the beginning of summer and winter; summer longest day and winter shortest in northern hemisphere |
| erosion | the result of weathering on matter, created by the action of wind, water, ice or gravity |
| fertility rate | the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate of her country |
| geography | the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth |
| glacier | fat piece of ice that rolls off becasue of gravity, form of erosion |
| global grid lines | the imaginary lines of longitude and lattitude that cross the earth |
| 1 degree= | 60' (minutes) |
| 1'= | 60" (seconds) |
| degree, minute, second ex | 23 40' 19" |
| GNP | gross national product; the total value of all goods and services produce by a country in a period of time |
| GDP | gross domestic product; the value of all goods and services produced within a country in a period of time |
| greenhouse effect | the layer of gases released by the burning of coal and petroleum that traps solar energy, causing global temperature to increase |
| hemispheres | each half of the globe |
| hurricane | storms that form over warm, tropical ocean waters |
| infant mortality | the number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live births |
| infrastructure | the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communication, trasportation, water, sanitation, and education systems |
| LACEMOPS | factors for climate |
| LLLLLacemops | lattitude-warm near equator cool farther away |
| lAAAAcemops | air currents-help distribute heat (wind) |
| laCCCCCemops | continentiality-location of a place on land |
| lacEEEEEmops | elevation-higher more cold and dry |
| laceMMMMops | mountain barriers-location on or near mountain |
| lacemOOOOps | ocean currents-similar to wind, distribut heat |
| lacemoPPPs | precipitation-type, form amount |
| lacemopSSSSS | storms-hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards |
| lattitude | parrallel to equator |
| longitude | parallel to meridian |
| map projections | a way of mapping the earth's surface taht reduces distortion caused by converting three dimensions into two |
| map | two dimensional graphic representation of selected parts of the earth |
| globe | three dimensional representation of the earth (most accurate) |
| monarchy | type of government in which a ruling family, headed by a king or queen, holds political pwer and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies: UK |
| mortality rate | death rate |
| nation/state | the name of a territory whan a nation and a tate occupy the same territory |
| nation | a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity |
| state | a political term describing an independant unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs |
| ocean area | 71% of earth |
| orographic precip | mountain areas, storms drop more rain on the windward side of a mountain and create a rain shadow on the leeward side |
| frontal precip | mid lattitude; frontal storms have cold dense air masses that push lighter warmer air masses upward causing precipitation to form |
| convectional precip | hot climates occurs after morning sunshine heats warm moist air; clouds form in the afternoon and rain falls |
| other names for hurricanes | typhoons(Asia), tropical cyclones, willy willies(Austrailia), baguios(phillipines), chubascos(mexico) |
| permafrost | permanently frozen ground, no trees |
| plate boundaries | divergent, convergent, transform |
| divergent | move apart horizontally |
| convergent | collide, causeing one plate to go under the other or plates to crumble |
| transform | slide past eachother |
| plate tectonics | enormous moving pieces of the earth's lithosphere |
| tundra | cold all year, long cold winters and short cool summers, low precip, few shrubs |
| ice cap | freezing snow and ice year round, no vegies, less than 10 inch precip |
| triangle pop pyramid | high growth rate |
| square pop pyramid | slow growth rate |
| pop can shrink cuz... | low birth rate, stable death rate, increased emigration |
| pop pyramids | a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population |
| push factor | causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region |
| pull factor | draws people to another location |
| rain forest | forest region located in the tropical zone with a heavy concentration of differnt species of broadleaf trees |
| rate of natural increase | also population growth rate-the rate at which pop is growing; found by subtracting the mortality rate from the birthrate |
| richter scale | uses info collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake |
| ring of fire | the chain of volcanoes that lines the pacific rim(plate tectonic stuff) |
| seismography | measuring the size of the waves created by an earthquake |
| socialism | government owns some or parts of businesses for the benefit of the people and individuals maintain basic right as consumers |
| arid | dry-hot or cold; most desert less than 10 inch of precip; 30 lat |
| semiarid | borders arid; grassland few trees; 10-20 inches precip; semi dry ; wide temp |
| mediterranean | west coast and near M. sea; dry warm summers and cold wet winters; shrubs |
| humid suptropical | hot humid sumers and mild humind winters; regular precip |
| marine west coast | strong ocean influence, cloudy mild summers and cool rainy winters |
| humid continental | 4 distinct seasons; equal precip; mixed forest |
| subarctic | temp extremes; long cold winters and short warm summers, low precip, n. evergreen forest |
| TODALSIGS | title, oreintation, date, author, legend, scale, index, grid, source |
| tools of geographers | Geostationary operational environment satellite(geos), landsat; space shuttle/station photography; geographic info system(gis); global positioning system(gps) |
| tornado | a powerful funel shaped column of air that forms over land |
| traditional econ. | goods and services are traded without exchanging money also called barter |
| command econ. | production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. production doesn't necessarily reflect consumer demand, also planned econ. |
| market econ. | production of goods and services is dertermined by the demand from consumers also demand econ. or capitalism |
| tropical wet | equator, warm and rainy year, rain forest, 60+ precip |
| tropical wet and dry | borders wet, warm year, distinct wet and dry, 20+ rain, tropical grassland |
| highland | all regions, mountains, temp varries with elevation, forest to tundra to icecap; temp decreases 3.5 every 1000 feet |
| types of geography??? | 5 themes, maps, tools... |
| climate | the typical weather conditions at a particular location as observed over time |
| weather | the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time |
| chemical weathering | a process that changes rock into a new substance through interactions among elements in the air or water and the minerals in the rock |
| mechanical weathering | natural process that break rock into smaller pieces |
| beringia | a land bridge thought to have connected what are now siberia and alaska |
| biological weapon | a bacterium or virusthat can be used to harm or kill people animals or plants |
| Canada's government | parliamentary government- a system where legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called pariament |
| climate of canada | mostly subarctic and tundra, milder near border, heaviest vegetation near US border |
| US climate | has every climate zone except icecap and every vegetation zone except icecap |
| Columbian exchange | the movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemishpheres during the age of exploration |
| cultural unification of US and chanada | share longest undefended borer in the world, common heritage(NA) spread to west, 2 of the wealthiest-resouces, workers, democracy, both have urband and environment problems, share major landforms |
| Dominion of Canada | the loose confederation of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, created by the British North America Act in 1867 |
| Election of Canada's prime minister | the leader of the majority party of parliament is prime minister |
| energy imports/exports | major shipping and fishing industries, leading food exporters substantial deposits of coal, natural gas, oil, and timber |
| exports of US | lumber, leading food exporter |
| first European in New World | spanish |
| French Canadians | metis, distinct culture, roman catholic, quebec |
| french vs. british in canada | roman catholic vs. protestant, language, claim over country |
| immigrants to US and canada | mainly from western and eastern europe |
| immigration | movement of people from place to place |
| major landforms in US and Canda | great plains, rocky moutains, appalachian mts., pacific mts, canadian shield |
| metis | a person of mixed french-canadian and native american ancestry |
| milticulturism | when a cultrue remains even though exposed to other cultures withing a state or nation |
| natural recources of US | fishing, fertile soil, food, forestes, minerals, fossil fuels |
| Nunavut | one of canada's territories and home to many of canada's inuit; it was carved out of the eastern half of the northwest territories in 1999 |
| obstacles of early settlers | rugged terrain, harsh climates, conflicts with other settlers, diseas |
| office of homeland security | established in US after 9/11 to coordinate antiterrorist efforts |
| pop of canada | most 200 miles from the US border due to climate |
| regions of canada | atlantic, pacific, prarie, core |
| atlantic provinces | provinces of eastern canada - prince edward island, new brunswick, nova scotia, and newfoundland; logging and fishing |
| core provinces | quebec and ontario; political and economic center |
| prairie provinces | manitoba, saskatchewan, albera; agricultural center and many cultures |
| pacific province and territores | british columbia and the territories of Yukon, northwest, and nunavut; good shipping |
| regions of US | west, midwest, south, northeast |
| midwest | 12 north central states; breadbasket; agriculture and industry |
| south | 1/4 of US; most confederacy from civil war; sunbelt; industry |
| west | 13 states; 1/5 of pop; good farms and harbors |
| northeast | 9 states including New england states; fishing , farming, industry; rust belt |
| resource needs of US | energy: fossil fuels and oil |
| river flow in N America | continental divide-line of the highest points in the rockies that marks the separation between rivers flowing eas and rivers flowing west |
| Appalachian mts | west coast; over 400 million years old so the peaks have been eroded |
| Rocky mts | young 80 million years; jagged higher peaks with less erosion |
| St. Lawrence seaway | North america's most important deepwater ship route; connecting the Great Lakes to the Aftlantic Ocean by way of the st. lawrence river using locks |
| sustainable communities | a community where residents can live and work in harmony with the environment |
| terrorism | the use of or threatened use of force or violence against individuals or property for the purpose of intimidating or causing frear for political or social ends |
| Trans canada highway | east to west; connecting major cities |
| US interstate system | network; crisscross; northsouth and eastwest |
| urban sprawl | poorly planned development that spreads a city's population over a wider and wider geographic area |
| US civil war | sectionalism-1861-1865, result of south agricultural dpendancy on slaves and industrialized north |
| Amazong rainforest | unique ecosystem the biggest rain forest |
| caudillo | military dictator or political boss |
| Central America | commercial farming, coffe and beans, panama canal, most farm isthmus between Sand N America; cultural hearth and crossroads huge mayan influence |
| caribbean | european, african, and Native influences, most christian with aspects like santeria and voodoo; rastafarianism in jamaica; major tourism |
| debt-for-nature swap | a debt reducing deal where in an organization agrees to pay off a certain amount of government debt in return for government protection of a certain portion of rain forest |
| deforestation | the cutting down and clearing away of trees and forests major in Brazil |
| economic challenges in mexico | unequal distribution of wealth, many skilled workers leaving mexico, poor infrastructure and lack clean water |
| central america econ. | farm coffee and beans |
| caribbean econ. | farm sugar cane, coffeee, citrus, bananas, and spices; tourism |
| farming in Latin America | Brazil coffee major farming |
| global warming | the build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping into space and causing rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns |
| greater antilles | 4 big islands in the carribean: cuba, jamaica, puerto rico and hispaniola |
| Inca | a member of the Quechan peoples of south america who built a civilization in the Andes mountains in the 15th and 16th centuries |
| Aztec | used to reside in present day Mexico; had capital of tenochtitlan and was conquered by cortes in 1521 |
| Maya | used to reside in present day Mexico but also trongly influenced central american and the caribbean |
| income gap | the difference between the quality of life by the rich and the poo; issue in Samerica |
| junta | a government run by generals after a military takeover |
| land reform | the process of breaking up large landholdings to attain a more balanced land distribution among farmers |
| llanos | a large, grassy, treeless area in south america; used for grazing and area; upper west Samerica |
| maquiladoras | a factory in Mexico that assembles imported materials into finished goods for export |
| modern mexico | 3/4 live in cities; belongs to NAFTA; has maquiladoras; tourism major industry; unequal distirbution of wealth, migration to US, US drug route, poor infrastructure and lack of clean water |
| NAFTA | north american free trade agreement- an important trade agreement creating a huge zone of cooperation on trade and economics in Namerica |
| oligarchy | a governmnet run by a few persons or a small group |
| pampas | a vast area of grassland and rich soil in south central Samerica |
| panama canal | a ship canal cut through panama connecting the caribbean sea with the pacific ocean |
| patagonia | southern zone of argentina that contains a desert |
| portugese vs. spain in Latinamerica | culture; languege; settle SA; treaty of tordesillas |
| rain forest destruction | imber need, land for crops and livestock, room for houses, contributes to global warming, danger to wildlife |
| resources in Latin America | Aluminum, coal, copper, gold, hydroelectric power, iron ore, lead, natural gas, petroleum, silver, timber, tin, zinc |
| orinico river | northern part of SA; venezuela |
| Amazon river | west to east; into Atlantic ocean |
| slash and burn | a way of clearing feilds for planting by cutting trees, brush, and grasses and burning them |
| terrace farming | an ancient technique for growing crops on hillsides or mountin slopes; usting step like horizontal feilds cut into slopes |
| tourism in latin america | major part of economy; provides jobs and can help reduce income gap but congestion and pollution increase and puts strain on local communities; debt on countries for tourist accomodations |
| treaty of tordesillas | a treaty between spain and portugal in 1494 taht gave portugal control over the land that is present day brazil |
| united provinces of CA | the name of central america after the region declared independance form mexico in 1823 but split into seperate countries by 1830's |
| glacial activity in scandanavia | left soil that's hard to farm; created fjords |
| agricultural products of mediteranean | olives, grapes, citrus, and wheat are major crops |
| Austria vs. Hungary | union state but split up; hungary was part of communism but austria wasnt |
| balkanization | the process of breaking up a region into small, mutually hostile units |
| Benelux countries | the economic union of belgium, the netherlands, and luxembourg |
| british empire | owned all of ireland but gave part of it independance; parliamentary monarchy; at one point controlled lots of land around the world |
| bubonic plague | 1347 reached italy from asia during the renassaince and killed millions |
| city-states | an autonomous political unti made up of a city and it's surrounding lands |
| climate in eastern europe | humid contintntal with cold snowy winters and warm or hot summers; adequate rainfall |
| communism in Eastern Europe | 1989 hungary, poland, czechoslovakia and romania ended communism; 1990 bulgaria and yugoslavia |
| crusades | a series of wars lauched by european christians in 1096 to capture the holy land (palestine) form the muslims |
| cultural crossroads | a place where various cultures cross paths-eastern europe |
| deforestation in scandinavia | exprots timber; permafrost; forests that do grow are coniferous most land is cleared |
| effect of british empire | built global empire by 1800's had colonies in the america's, asia, africa, and oceania but british languege and culture spread world wide |
| EU pros and cons | promotes trade with other nations by having financial aid; having all of the nations using euro both good and bad |
| european environmental agency | an agency that provides the european union with reliable info about the environment |
| first democracy | the city-state of Athens in greece |
| fjord | a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes |
| Holocaust | the Nazi program of mass murder of European jews in world war 2 |
| land of the midnight sun | far north scandanavia north of the arctic circle |
| massif central | the upland of france, shich accounts for about 1/6 of french lands |
| mistral | cold dry wind from the north |
| sirocco | a hot steady wind that blows from Nafrica across the M sea into Seurope; mostly in spring |
| northern europes' econ. | manufacturing: paper, food products and pharmecueticals; timeber, fishing, oil |
| oil in europe | lost in north sea; new technology made off shore rigs possible; major producer of petroleum for world |
| peat | partially decaying plant matter found in bogs |
| peninsula of peninsulas | europe is a large peninsula coming form asia with many smaller peninsulas coming off of it |
| polders | land that is reclaimed fro mthe sea or other body of water by diking and drainage: netherlands |
| pollution and sollution in europe | industy, sewage, chemical fertilizers, and oil spills pollute water; fossil fuel use, fires, chemical use, and industry pollute air-new laws and european environmental agency |
| reformation | a movement in western europe beginning in 1517 when many christians broke away fro mteh catholic church and started protestant churches; this lead to mutual hostility and religious wars that tore europe apart |
| religious distribution in europe | judaism-0.2%; islam 2.2%; eastern orthodox-8.8%; protestant-18.8%; other-15%; roman catholic-55% |
| renaissance | a time of renewed intrest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries; it began in the italian city states and spread north to all of europe |
| WW I | competition for colonies; allies vs. central powers; allies wond and imposed harsh terms on germany which helped cause WW II |
| WW II | Germany led by hitler tried to conquer Europ; also Holocaust; Allies defeated germany in 1945 |
| social tudies make up days | monday 3:05 thursdays 6:45 |
Created by:
lbanana217