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VIVW #1
Praxis Vocab
| Answer | Question |
|---|---|
| Anosognosia | A person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems unaware of or denies the existence of their handicap |
| Accerleration injury | Brain and brain stem often suffer diffuse damage caused by their movement within the skull. |
| Afferent | To carry nerve impuleses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system |
| Agnosia | Loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds and shapes while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any memory loss. |
| Agrammatism | Unique speech pattern with simplified sentence structure, telegraphic. (Brocas) |
| Agraphia | inability to form graphemes, loss of the ability to write. |
| Basal Ganglia | Modulate the function of the frontal cortex |
| Basilar Artery | connects vertebral arteries to the circle of Willis |
| Bells Palsy | Caused by inflamation of the facial nerve. |
| Binswanger's disease | Caused by multiple infarcts of subcortical white matter eventually culminating in dementia. |
| Biopsy | removal of cells or tissue for examination |
| Brain abscess | occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain. |
| Calcarine Fissure | wheere the primary visual cortex is concentrated in the occipital lobe |
| Caloric testing | cold and/or warm water is introduced into the ear canal, often producing nystagmus inpatients with vestibular pathology. |
| Capgras Syndrome | mis-identification of people, place or object. A spouse replaced by an imposter. |
| Carotid Arteries | Three: Common, external, internal |
| Common Carotid Artery | Supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood, divides in the neck |
| External Carotid Artery | towards the face and mandible |
| Internal Carotid Artery | Blood supply to the brain, runs up the neck on either side. |
| Catastrophic reaction | emotional outburst, usually as a consequence of lowered frustration tolerance. |
| Central Fissure | divides the Frontal lobe and Parietal lobe (fissure of Rolando or central sulcus). Divides the primary motor and primary sensory cortex |
| Circumlocution | associated with anomic, wernickes and conduction aphasia. Deliberate use of a substitute word for a word that a patient cannot retrieve |
| Decomposition of movement | associated with Ataxia, complex movements are broken down into a succession of small individual movements resulting in a jerky segmented quality. |
| Decussate | The point at which a tract crosses the midline of the CNS |
| Delirium | decline in attention-focus, perception, and cognition, that is not better accounted for by a preexisting, established, or evolving dementia. |
| Dementia | the loss of mental functions—such as thinking, memory, and reasoning—that is severe enough to interfere with a person’s daily functioning. |
| Dementia, cortical | from a disorder affecting the cerebral cortex, the outer layers of the brain that play a critical role in cognitive processes such as memory and language. Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are two forms. |
| Festinating gait | Occasionally a Parkinson’s patient’s steps become very short and rapid until the patient is nearly running in tiny shuffling steps. |
| Fibrillations | Microscopic contractions of small groups of muscle fibers or a single fiber. Usually a sign of lower motor neuron pathology. |
| Fissure | Very deep sulci are sometimes called this. EX: central sulcus |
| Fluency | (blank) |
| Gag reflex | A neurological test of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus (X) |
| Generalization | the use of a trained behavior to another environment |
| Generative naming | patients are given a specified time interval to say as many words as they can think of that either begin with a certain letter (F, A, or S yield largest |
| Geographic disorientation | Associated with right hemisphere syndrome, confusion as to their location. |
| Glial cells | provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. |
| Handicap | Participation: the effects of disabilities on the individual’s ability to carry out daily life roles. |
| Hematoma | 4 major categories for the brain, epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral. |
| Hemianopia | blindness or reduction of vision in one half of the visual field |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of both limbs on the same side. |
| Hemorrhage | bleeding |
| Ideational apraxia | Series of actions is impaired due to the conceptual disturbance. (Apraxia—Paietal, deffuse or bi-lateral brain damage) |
| Idomotor apraxia | disruption of plans needed to demonstrate actions. (Apraxia—frontal lobe) |
| Impairment | Body functions and structures: structural or functional abnormality within a person. |
| Infarct | an area of tissue death due to a local lack of oxygen |
| Insula | area of transitional cortex that is folded within the sylvian fissure. Integrates autonomic information, associated with visceral functions. |
| Jargon | Wernickes, global aphasia. Strings of neologisms with a sprinkling of connecting words. |
| Lacunar state | caused by multiple small infarcts in the arteries supplying the basa ganglia, thalamus, midbrain, and brain stem. |
| Lateral apertures | foramina of Lushka, CSF passes thru these on its way from the third ventricle to the fourth. |
| Lateral cerebral fissure | Sylvian fissure, separates the frontal and temporal lobes. |
| Lenticular nucleus | comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule. |
| Limb apraxia | unable to perform on command volitional movements with the hand, arm or wrist. Usually bilateral. |
Created by:
dbrinker