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Cells
Biology I - Cell structure and function
| word | function | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell, gives shape to the cell | bilayer of phopholipids and embedded proteins |
| cell wall | found in plants. Gives the cell shape and helps to protect the cell from bursting due to turgor pressure | made of cellulose fiber (a carbohydrate) |
| cytoplasm | site of many chemical reactions, such as glycolysis. Other organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm | salt, water, organic molecules. Appears like a watery jelly |
| cytoskeleton | Supports the cell, Plays a role in cell movement. | Composed of microtubules and microfilaments. Both are made of protein. |
| centrioles | Help to organize mitosis. visilbe only during mitosis. Found in animal cells. | made of microtubules |
| Nucleus | Directs all cellular activiites by controlling the production of proteins. | Surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Contains DNA and the nucleoulus. |
| Nuclear Membrane (nuclear envelope) | Regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus. | Bilayer of phospholipids and embedded proteins. Has holes callled nuclear pores. |
| Nucleolus | Site of initial ribosome production. Ribosomes are completed in the cytoplasm. | Small dark region of the nucleus |
| Ribosome | Assemble proteins | Composed of rRNA and many proteins |
| Golgi | Packages proteins for transport through the cytoplasm. The package is called a vesicle. | A stack of flat sacks, made of membrane. Proteins are wrapped in the membrane and are pinched off into vesicles. |
| SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. | Transports materials. | A system of tunnels, made of membrane |
| RER | Studded with ribosomes, transports proteins. | A system of flattened sacks and tunnels, composed of membrane. Ribosomes are attached. |
| Storage Vacuole | Found in plants. A very large vacuole for the storage of water and water soluble nutrients. | A big bag of membrane. |
| Vesicle | Transports material inside of the cell. Protects material from chemical reactions in the cytoplasm. | A bag of membrane. Commonly formed by the golgi. |
| Vacuole | A large vesicle; storage and transport of materials. | A bag of membarane. Commonly formed by the golgi |
| Lysosome | A vesicle containing digestive enzymes. Empties it's enzymes into other vacuoles and vesicles carrying material to be digested (hydrolyzed). | A membrane bag of digestive enzymes. |
| Mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration. | Composed of two layers of membrane. The inner layer has folds called cristae. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. |
| Chloroplast | Site of photosynthesis. | Composed of two layers of membranes. Has stacks of internal membranes called thylakoids. Chloroplast have their own DNA. |
| Cilia | Propulsion. Used like an oar. | Thin, hairlike. Made of microtubules. |
| Chromosomes | Contain genes; hereditary material; | made of DNA |
| microfilaments | stores food (carbonhydrates) and pigments (proteins) in plant cells | (blank) |
| flagella | propulsion. used like an oar | Thicker, longer, made of microtubles. |
| microtubules | used for stucture and movement | small, tubular proteins |
| organelle | a specialized cellular part (as mitochondrion) that is anlogous to an organ | (blank) |
| plastid | any of various cytoplasmic organelles of phosynthetic cells that serve in many cases as centers of special metabolic activiites | (blank) |
Created by:
scook