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The Progressive Era
Vocab. for Social
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theodore Roosevelt | A Progressive President, he served from 1901-1908. He used the power of the presidency to deal directly with social and economic problems. Most notably remembered for his work in the conservation of natural resources. |
| Eugene Debs | A man whom made speeches as a socialist and was with the strikers on the Pullman Strike |
| Upton Sinclair | As a muckraker and progressive, he wrote The Jungle, exposing the unsanitary conditions in the Chicago meat packing industry around 1906. His book led to passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Served as President of Princeton University; Governor of New Jersey; and as President of the United States from 1912-1921. As a Progressive, he advocated a return to competition in the marketplace with enforcement of antitrust laws. |
| William Howard Taft | After easily winning the Presidential election in 1908, with the support of progressives and conservatives, he soon found that his only support came from conservatives, and his policies emphasized following the law strictly. |
| Jane Addams | Born 1860, died 1935; founder of Hull House, in Chicago, a social settlement house for immigrants. She was also a pacifist, a supporter of women's right to vote, and was awarded the Nobel Prize Peace Prize in 1931. |
| Susan B. Anthony | A woman sufragette who did many things to help get thr women's right to vote. |
| political machine | Political organization associated with taking bribes for contracts or doing special favors for the few. Immigrants would often benefit when special favors would help ease their early experience in the city while reciprocating with a vote for the political |
| referendum | Submission of a law to a direct vote of the people, thereby superseding the legislature. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Approved in 1906, it was an act forbidding the manufacture and sale of dishonestly labeled products. |
| Income tax | The tax required on money earned after the approval of the 16th Amendment in 1913. |
| 17th Amendment | Approved in 1913, this progressive amendment provided for the direct election of senators, rather than states controlling the selection process. It was intended to make the elected Senator more responsive to the voting population. |
| Prohibition | A term meaning to not allow; used in relationship to the prevention of the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States after the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment (adopted in 1919). |
| Muckraker | Journalists who tried to improve society through their investigative reporting and photography by exposing health conditions that were hazardous in workplaces, corruption in government, and social problems of overcrowding in urban centers. |
| direct primary election | A system whereby the voters rather than the state legislatures elect members of the US Senate. |
| recall election | The process of removing or the right to remove an official from office by popular vote, often after using petitions to call for a vote. |
| Meat Inspection Act | A law passed in 1906, after Congress' reaction to Upton Sinclair's vivid description of the meat packing industry in Chicago with his novel, The Jungle. The act authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect all meat products shipped in interstate com |
| sales tax | This tax is paid by consumers when they buy an item. |
| Federal Reserve Act | An act, passed in 1913, setting up a Federal Reserve Bank system with 12 banking districts and a Federal Reserve Board appointed by the President to regulate and supervise the system. The system shifted funds to banks in trouble and issued Federal Reserve |
| suffrage | The right or privilege of voting |
| Patronage System | Support or encouragement given by a person; for example, patronage of the arts. |
| initiative | The process of petitioning a legislature to introduce a bill. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Approved in 1890, this act prohibited monopolies by declaring illegal combinations of business that were "in restraint of trade or commerce." |
| 16th Amendment | Congress was provided the power, in 1913, to levy and collect taxes on incomes. |
| property tax | A tax based on the value of property, such as land or buildings. |
| 18th Amendment | Adopted in 1919, this amendment made the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages an illegal act. |
| 19th Amendment | The constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of sex; this right cannot be denied by any state or the federal government. |
| civil service system | Late 19th-century movement which supported hiring of government employees based on merit rather than on political patronage. |
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