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Stack #105177
| chapter 14 | chapter 14 |
|---|---|
| periosteum | outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue |
| conpact bone | dense, hard layer of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
| cancellous (spongy) bone | contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of conpact bone |
| endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of the long bones |
| epophysis | ends of the long bone |
| bone marrow | material found in the cavities of bones |
| red marrow | thick, blood-like material foung in flat bones and the ends of long bones. Location of blood cell formation |
| yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| maxilla | uppper jawbone |
| mandible | lower jawbone |
| vertebral column | made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protect the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides a point of attachment for ribs and muscles. |
| cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7) | first set of seven bones, forming the neck |
| thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) | second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine |
| lumbar verebrae (L1 to L5) | third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward caurve of the spine |
| sacrum | next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones |
| coccyx | foru vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone |
| lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| acromion | extension of the scapula, which forms the high point of the shoulder |
| sternum | breastbone |
| xiphoid process | lower portion of the sternum |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| carpal bones | wrist bones |
| metacarpal bones | hand bones |
| phalanges | finger and toe bones |
| pelvic bone, hip bone | made up of three bones fused together |
| ischium | lower, rear portion on which one sits |
| ilium | upper, wing-shaped part on each side |
| pubis | anterior portionof the pelvic bone |
| acetabulum | large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur |
| femur | upper leg bone |
| tibia and fibula | lower leg bones |
| patella | kneecap |
| tarsal bones | ankle bones |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| metatarsal bones | foot bones |
| articular cartilage | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints |
| meniscus | crescent-shaped cartilage found int he knee |
| intervertebral disk | cartilaginous pad found betweent he vertebrae in the spine |
| pubic symphysis | cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together |
| synovia | fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities |
| bursa | fluid-filled sac that sllows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another |
| ligament | flexible, tough band of fivrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint |
| tendon | band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| aponeurosis | strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone |
| skeletal muscles (also known as striated muscles) | attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. Also known as voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles |
| smooth muscles (also known as unstriated muscles) | located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled volumtarily |
| cardiac muscle (known as myocardium) | forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat |
| abduction | movement of drawing away from the middle |
| adduction | movement of draawing toward the middle |
| inversion | turning inward |
| eversion | turning outward |
| extension | movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position |
| flexion | movement in which a limb is bent |
| pronation | movement that turns the palm down |
| supination | movement that turns the palm up |
| rotation | turning around its own axis |
| carp/o | carpals (wrist bones) |
| clavic/o, clavicul/o | clavicle (collarbone) |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| femor/o | femur (upper leg bone) |
| fibul/o | fibula (lower leg bone) |
| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| lumb/o | loin, lumbar region of the spine |
| mandibul/o | mandible (lower jawbone) |
| maxill/o | maxilla (upper jawbone) |
| patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
| pelv/i, pelv/o | pelvis, pelvic bone |
| phalang/o | phalanges (finger or toe bones) |
| pub/o | pubis |
| rachi/o | spine, vertebral column |
| radi/o | radius (lower arm bone) |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| scapul/o | scapula (shoulder blade) |
| spindyl/o, vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stetn/o | stenum (breastbone) |
| tars/o | tarsals (ankle bones) |
| tibi/o | tibia (lower leg bone) |
| uln/o | ulna (lower arm bone) |
| aponeur/o | aponeurosis |
| arthr/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa (cavity) |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| disk/o | intervertebral disk |
| menisc/o | meniscus (crescent) |
| synovi/o | synovia, synovial membrane |
| ten/o, tend/o,tendin/o | tendon |
| ankyl/o | crooked, stiff, bent |
| kinesi/o | movement. motion |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lamin/o | lamina (thin, flat plate or layer) |
| lord/o | bent forward |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| petr/o | stone |
| scoli/p | crooded, curved |
| inter- | between |
| supra- | above |
| sym-, syn- | together, joined |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -clasia,-clasis, -clast | break |
| -desis | surgical fixation, fusion |
| -physis | growth |
| -schisis | split, fissure |
| ankylosis | abnormal condition of stiffness (often referring to a joint, such as the result of chronic rheumatoid arthritis) |
| arthritis | inflammation of a joint. (The most common forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis) |
| arthrochondritis | inflammation of joint cartilages |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| brusolith | stone in a bursa |
| carpoptosis | drooping wrist (wristdrop) |
| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
| cranioschisis | (congenital) fissure of the skull |
| dusjutus | inflammation of an (intervertebral) disk |
| fibromyalgia | pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles (a common conditon characterized by widespread pain and stiffness of muscles, gatigue, and distrubed sleep.) |
| kyphosis | abnormal condition of a hump (of the thoracic spine) (also called hunchback or humpback) |
| lordosis | abnormal condition of bending forward (forward curvature of the lumbar spine) (also called swayback) |
| maxillitis | inglammation of the maxilla |
| meniscitis | inflammation of a meniscus |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myeloma | (malignant) tumor of the bone marrow |
| osteitis | inflammation of the bone |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | inflammation of the bone and joint |
| osteocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the bone |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of the bone and cartilage |
| osteomalacia | softening of bones |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopetrosis | abnormal condition of stonelike bones (marblelike bones caused by increased formation of bone) |
| osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of the bone |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| rachischisis | (congenital) fissure of the vertebral column (also called spina bifida) |
| sciliosis | abnormal (lateral) curve (of the spine) |
| spondylarthritis | inflammation of the vertebral joints |
| synoviosarcoma | malignant tumor of the synovial membrane |
| tendinitis | inflammmation of a tendon |
| tenodynia | pain in a tendon |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane |
| ankylosing spondylitis | form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures, and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine (also called strumpell-marie arthritis or disease, and rheumatoid spondylitis) |
| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes (also called hallux valgus) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | a common, painful disorder of the wrist caused by compression of a nerve |
| Colles fracture | a type of wrist fracture (the fracture is at the lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward) |
| exostosis | abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called a spur) |
| fracture (fx) | broken bone |
| gout | disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe |
| herniated disk | rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk, or herniated nucleus pulposus [HNP]) |
| muscular dystrophy (MD) | group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness |
| myasthenia gravis (MG) | chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. |
| osteoporosis | abnormal loss of bone density occurring frequently in postmenopausal women |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body |
| aponeurorrhaphy | suture of an aponeurosis |
| arthroclasia | (surgical) breaking of a (stiff) joint |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint |
| bursectomy | excision of bursa |
| carpectomy | excision of a carpal bone |
| chondrectomy | excision of a cartilage |
| chondroplasty | surgical repair of a cartilage |
| costectomy | excision of a rib |
| crainioplasty | surgical repair of the skull |
| craniotomy | incision of the skull (as for surgery of the brain) |
| diskectomy | excision of an intervertebral disk |
| laminectomy | excision of a lamina (often performed to telieve pressure on the nerve roots in the lower spine caused by a herniated disk and other conditions) |
| maxillectomy | excision of the maxilla |
| meniscectomy | excision of the meniscus (performed for a torn cartilage) |
| myorrhaphy | suture of a muscle |
| ostectomy | excision of a bone |
| osteoclasis | (surgical) breaking of a bone (to correct a deformity) |
| patellectomy | excision of the patella |
| phalangectomy | excision of a finger or toe bone |
| rachiotomy | incision into the vertebral column |
| spondylosyndesis | fusing together of the vertebrae (spinal fusion) |
| synovectomy | excision of the synovial membrane (of a joint) |
| tarsectomy | excision of (one or more) tarsal bones |
| tenomyoplasty | surgical repair of the tendon and muscle |
| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
| vertebroplasty | surgical repair of the vertebra |
| arthrography | x-ray imaging a join (with contrast medium)(MRI has mostly replaced arthrography as the imaging technique for the knee, wrist, hip, and shoulder. Arthrography is still used for specialized functions such as when metal is present in the body) |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of a joint |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid |
| electromyogram (EMG) | record of the (intrinsic) electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle |
| arthralgia | pain in the joint |
| atrophy | without development (wasting) |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| carpal | pertaining to the wrist |
| carnial | pertaining to the crainuim |
| dyskinesia | difficult movement |
| dystrophy | abnormal development |
| femoral | pertaining to the femur |
| humeral | pertaining to the humerus |
| hyperkinesia | excessive movement (overactive) |
| hypertrophy | excessive development |
| iliofemoral | pertaining to the ilium and femur |
| intercostal | pertaining to between the vertebrae |
| intercranial | pertaining to within the cranium |
| ischiofibular | pertaining to the ischium and fibula |
| ischiopubic | pertaining to the ischium and pubis |
| lumbar | pertaining to the loins (the part of the back between the thorax and pelvis) |
| lumbocostal | pertaining to the loins and the ribs |
| lumbosacral | pertaining to the lumbar regions (loin) and the sacrum |
| osteoblast | developing bone cell |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| osteonecrosis | abnormal death of bone (tissues) |
| pelvic | pertaining to the pelvis |
| pelvisacral | pertaining to the pelvis and the sacrum |
| pubofemoral | pertaining to the pubis and the femur |
| sacral | pertaining to the sacrum |
| sacrovertebral | pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae |
| stenoclavicular | pertaining to the sternum and clavicle |
| sternoid | resembling the sternum |
| subcostal | pertaining to below the rib |
| submandibular | pertaining to below mandible |
| submaxillary | pertaining to below the maxilla |
| subscapular | pertaining to below the scapula |
| substernal | pertaining to below the sternum |
| suprascapular | pertaining to above the scapula |
| suprapatellar | pertaining to above the patella |
| symphysis | growing together |
| vertebrocostal | pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs |
| chiropodist, podiatrist | specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment |
| chiropractic | system of therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column |
| chiropractor | specialist in chiropractic |
| orthopedic (ortho) | branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system |
| orthopedist | physician who specializes in orthopedics |
| orthotics | making and fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities |
| orthotist | a person who specializes in orthotic |
| osteopath | physician who specializes in osteopathy |
| osteopathy | stystem of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulation may be used in addition to other treatment |
| prosthesis | an artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, or total hip replacement |
| C1-C7 | cervical vertebrae |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| fx | fracture |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus |
| L1-L5 | lumbar vertebrae |
| MD | muscular dystrophy |
| MG | myasthenia gravis |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ortho | orthopedics |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| T1-T12 | thoracic vertebrae |
Created by:
mcgowan330