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Dillon Ch 11
Assessing the Head, Face, and Neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interaction with Respiratory System | nasal and oral are entry points; injury/disease impairs ability to breath can result in infections in upper and lower respiratory systems |
| Interaction with Cardiovascular System | disorders may be seen: some infarction/ischemic pain may radiate to jaw or throat; facial edema can have fluid retention |
| Interaction with Musculoskeletal System: | facial expressions - communication and nourishment |
| Interactions with Neurological System | altered - speech, feeding, expression |
| Interaction with Endocrine System | thyroid disfunction - hypertrophy or enlargements (goiters) and facial spasms could show signs of disease |
| Disorders of head, face and neck | have the potential to influence the morbidity and mortality of patients profoundly |
| Physical changes of the head, face and neck | are associated with disorders that can have devastating effects |
| Head, face and neck structures | are greatly influenced by other systems |
| Head inspection | should be of size, shape and symmetry of facial features (variation between genders, race and ethnic groups vary widely) |
| Asymmetry of facial features | indicates previous trauma, surgery, congenital deformity, paralysis, edema, stroke or Bell's Palsy |
| Palpation of TMJ | smooth, symmetrical movement w/ no pain, crepitus or clicking |
| Where are Stensen's ducts | located upper buccal mucosal at point of second upper molar. they drain the parotid |
| Where are Wharton's ducts | located on either side of frenulum, drain the submandibular glands |
| When do the anterior and posterior fonanesl close on children? | anterior fontanels close at 10-18 months, posterior close by 2 months. |
| Which sinuses do you percuss during the assessment of the head? | frontal and maxillary sinuses |
| What isn unique about how infants breath and what may indicate respiratory distress? | infants are obligate nose breathers. nasal flaring is associated with respiratory distress. |
| When assesing a child, what may a foul odor or unilateral discharge from the nose indicate? | A foreign body |
| How are enlarged tonsils graded? | Grade 1- within normal limits Grade 2- enlarged but separate from uvula Grade 3- tonsils touching uvula Grade 4- tonsils touching each other |
| What is geographic tongue? | A benign variation of smooth tongue and raised papillae. map like appearance. |
| What is hair tongue? | Black hairy tongue. Elongated darkened papillae. Benign, often due to staining, infection, or antibiotic treatment |
| What is lichen planus? | Benign, painless, white, lace-like eruptions. bilateral on buccal mucosa. |
| What is leukoplakia? | Precancerous, white plaques, on buccal mucaosa, gingivae or tongue. Hairy leukoplakia of tongue associated with HIV. |
| What are the 10 lymph node groups? | Pre-auricular Post-auricular Occipital Tonsilar Submaxillary Submental Superficial clavical Posterior clavical Supraclavicular Infraclavicular |
| Where do you palpate the Maxillary sinuses? | Under the eyes |
| Where would you look to inspect Wharton's duct opening? | On either side of the frenulum, under the tongue |
| When auscultating the carotid arteries, which part of your stethoscope would you use? | The bell |
Created by:
MEPN 2013
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