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Health Assessment
Terminology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Febrile | an elevated body temperature usually above 98.6⁰ F. |
| Bradypnea | slow shallow respirations usually below 12 breaths per minute |
| Tachypnea | rapid breathing, more than 20 per minute and regular |
| Orthopnea | shortness of breath when lying flat or the inability to breathe easily when sitting up |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing or the sensation of breathlessness |
| Eupnea | normal relaxed unlabored breathing, breathing easily |
| Apnea | brief pauses in breathing |
| Hyperventilation | rapid or deep breathing; the state of breathing faster and deeper than normal, may cause a decrease in gas in the blood and is often seen in serious conditions such as infection, bleeding or heart attack |
| Hypoventilation | The state in which a reduced amount of air enters the alveoli in the lungs, resulting in decreased levels of oxygen and increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| Biot’s respiration | cluster respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. Often the result of increased intracranial pressure and associated with poor prognosis |
| Cheyne Stokes respirations | The pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea. |
| Bradycardia | heart beats very slowly, less than 60 bpm. Most people, a heart rate of 60 to 100 beats a minute(bpm)at rest is normal. May be a problem in the heart’s electrical system. It is common for healthy young adults and athletes to have HR of less than 60 bpm. |
| Tachycardia | refers to a heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heart rate or a heart rate above 100 bpm. It can be dangerous depending on the speed and type of rhythm. |
| Orthostatic (postural) hypotension | An excessive fall in blood pressure (bp) when an upright position is assumed. The consensus definition is a drop of > 20 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury) systolic, 10 mm Hg diastolic, or both. Symptoms of faintness, light |
| Hypotension | Any blood pressure that is below the normal expected for an individual in a given environment. |
| Head, eyes, ears, nose and throat | (HEENT) |
| EOM (extra ocular movements) | abnormal mvmts outside of the eye, pertains to the muscles around the eyes. The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control the movements of the eye. Actions of these muscles depend on the position of the eye at the time of muscle contraction. |
| PERRLA | (pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation) |
| Accommodation | The ability of the lens of the eyes to change focus from distant to near objects. It is achieved through the action of the ciliary muscles that change the shape of the lens. |
| Midclavicular line | imag. line that extends dwnwrd over the trunk from midpoint of the clavicle, dividing each side of the anterior chest into 2 parts. Left midclavicular line is an important marker in describing the location cardiac phenomena, the point of maximum impulse. |
| Midsternal line | Is the imaginary line that divides the anterior chest into two parts. On the front of the thorax, one of the most important vertical lines is the midsternal line, the middle line of the sternum. It can be interpreted as a component of the median plane. |
| Intercostals spaces | the space between two ribs. There are 12 ribs on each side therefore there are 11 intercostals spaces on each side of the body. Each intercostals corresponds or is named for the rib superior of the space. |
| Manubriosternal angle (angle of Louis) | Body prominence formed by the articulation between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. |
| Precordium | the part of the front of the chest wall that overlays the heart and the epigastrium. |
| Midaxilllary line | an imaginary vertical line that passes midway between the anterior and posterior axillary folds. |
| Anterior axillary line | an imaginary vertical line on the body wall continuing the line of the anterior axillary fold with the upper arm. |
| “cardinal positions” | are six positions of gaze which allow comparisons of the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal ocular movements produced by the six extraocular muscles. |
| Posterior axillary line | an imaginary sagittal line on the posterior torso marked by the posterior axillary fold. |
| Tripod position | sitting or leaning forward and supporting the hands on the knees or another suface. This position is often assumed by people who are in respiratory distress (such COPD) or someone who is just out of breath (such as a sprint runner). |
| Postural nocturnal dyspnea (PND) | paroxysmal difficulty breathing occurs when a patient is woken from sleep fighting for breath, a dramatic and frightening experience. The patient sits up, stands or opens the window for fresh air. PND is in essence a variation of orthopnoea. |
| Edema | swelling resulting from an excessive amount of serous fluid in the tissues of the body. |
| Pitting edema | edema characterized by a condition in which a finger pressed into the will result in a temporary depression in the skin. |
| Palpitations | Assoc. w/norm. emotional responses & w/hrt disorders. Some may complain of pounding hrt & may display no evidence of hrt disease. Others w/hrt disorders may not detect assoc. abnrl palpitations. May cause awareness of its beating |
| Pulse amplitude | the rhythmic pulsations of an artery that may be felt with a finger. |
| Nocturia | excessive urination at night. May be associated with processes associated with renal or prostatic diseases or bladder obstruction. May also occur in people who drink excessive fluids. |
| Cyanosis | a grayish bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. |
| Syncope | temp. loss of consciousness & posture, described as "fainting" or "passing out." It's related to temp. insufficient blood flow to the brain. It most often occurs when bp is too low (hypotension)& the heart doesn't pump a norm. supply of O2 to the brain. |
| Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein. Effects the leg veins & femoral & popliteal & deep veins in pelvis (smtimes arms) DVT can occur w/o symptms, most times the affected extremity willbe painful, swollen, red, warm & superficial veins maybe engorged |
| Thrombophlebitis – | inflammation caused by the deep vein thrombosis. |
| Borborygmi | intestinal rumbling caused by moving gas |
| Hypoactive | less than normally active. |
| Hyperactive | more than normally active |
| Protuberant | unusual or prominent convexity of the abdomen due to excessive fat, poor muscle tone or an increase in the contents of the abdomen. |
| Scaphoid | the abdomen is sucked inward and produces a more convex abdomen. Often seen in anorexia. |
| Dorsiflexion | upward or backward flexion of a part of the body |
| Abduction | movement of a limb away from the body |
| Adduction | movement of a limb towards the body |
| Circumduction | movement of a body part in a circular motion. It is a combination of abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion. |
| Eversion | a turning outward or inside out, such as turning the foot outward at the ankle |
| Inversion | a turning inward such as turning the foot inward at the ankle |
| Flexion | movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between the two adjoining bones |
| Extension | a movement allowed by certain joints that increases the angle between the two adjoining bones |
| Supination | the rotation of the forearm in which the palm faces upward |
| Pronation | the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward |
| Protraction | Is a condition in which the teeth or other maxillary or mandibular structures are situated anterior to their normal position. A drawing out or lengthening of a joint, extension or protrusion |
| Retraction | The act of drawing back or in; shrinking |
| Rotation | The gyration of a bone around its central axis, one of the basic movements allowed by the various joints of the skeleton |
| Scoliosis | An abnormal side to side curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | An exaggerated convex curvature to the thoracic region of the vertebral column (also called hunchback). |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Romberg test | a neurological test used to detect poor balance. It is performed with the patient standing with eyes closed and feet together. A positive Romberg may indicate vertigo or vestibular ataxia (CNVIII) or cerebellar ataxia. |
| Activities of daily living | basic tasks of everyday life such as eating, bathing, dressing toileting and transferring. |
| Instrumental activities of daily living | activities that allow a person to live independently in a community -manage money, use a telephone, take medications, buy groceries or perform housework |
| Decorticate posture | – patient presents with the arms flexed, or bent inward on the chest, the hands are clenched into fists, and the legs extended and feet turned inward. |
| Decerebrate posture | the head is arched back, the arms are extended by the sides, and the legs are extended. |
| Dysuria | painful urination |
| Urgency | Urgent urination is a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in your bladder. |
| Frequency | needing to urinate more often than usual |
Created by:
veronicalws
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