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F&E Signs Table

StudyTable F&E Imbalances -- signs by body system from Copstead Banasik Pathophy

ImbalanceHeartBlood Vessels and InterstitialCNSLungsSkeletal Muscle and NeuromuscuGastrointestinal TractKidneysOther
↓ Ca++ dysrhythmias, impaired myocardial contractility Seizures Twitching, cramping, carpal spasm, pedal spasm; Increased excitability, Trousseau sign, Chvostek sign, paresthesias, hyperactive reflexes, tetany
↑ Ca++ dysrhythmias Confusion, lethargy, personality changes Weakness; Decreased excitability, depressed reflexes Anorexia, nausea, emesis, constipation polyuria Fatigue, headache
↓ Mg++ dysrhythmias Insomnia, seizures Twitching, cramping, grimacing, tremors; Increased excitability, Trousseau sign, Chvostek sign, paresthesias, hyperactive reflexes, tetany dysphagia Nystagmus, ataxia
↑ Mg++ bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest hypotension, flushing Drowsiness, lethargy Respiratory depression Flaccid paralysis; Depressed reflexes Diaphoresis
↓ Pi impaired cardiac function, decreased cardiac output Confusion, stupor, coma, seizures Respiratory failure Aching, weakness; Paresthesias, depressed reflexes Anorexia Malaise, hemolysis
↑ Pi If Ca++ remains ↑, damage from deposition of crystals If Ca++ remains ↑, pruritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis; may cause ↓ Ca++
↓ extracellular volume tachycardia Postural BP decrease with concurrent heart rate increase, flat neck veins, ↑ small-vein filling time, thready pulse; ↓ skin turgor, soft, sunken eyeballs; longitudinal furrows in tongue Dizziness dry oral mucous membranes, hard stools Oliguria Sudden weight loss, sunken fontanel in infants, no tears or sweat, thirst w/ severe ↓ ECV
↑ extracellular volume distended neck veins, bounding pulse; edema Crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, frothy sputum hepatomegaly Sudden weight gain, bulging fontanel in infants
↓ Na+ Confusion, lethargy, coma, seizures Anorexia, nausea, emesis Malaise, headache
↑ Na+ Confusion, lethargy, coma, seizures Oliguria Thirst
↓ K+ dysrhythmias postural hypotension Ascending weakness, flaccid paralysis Abdominal distension, bloating, ↓ bowel sounds, constipation, paralytic ileus polyuria
↑ K+ dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest Ascending weakness, flaccid paralysis Cramping, diarrhea Laryngospasm
Created by: hezasan
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