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BHSLR EXAM 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does ambulation with a lower limb prosthesis requrie | Strenght and endurance |
| Bilateral weakness or disability sucha s arthritis or cerebral palsy. One crutch, opposite foot, other crutch remaining foot | Four-Point crutch-walking gait |
| Same as four-point but clients has more strengh, coordination, and balance. One crutch and opposite foot moved in unison followed by the remaining pair | Two-point crutch-walking gait |
| One amputated, injured, or disabled extremity (fracture leg or severe ankle sprain) Both crutches move forward followed by the weight bearing leg | Three-point non-weight bearing crutch-walking gait |
| Amputee learning to use prosthesis, minor injury to one leg or previous injury showing signs of healing. Both crutches are advanced with wearker leg stronger leg is placed parallel to weaker leg | Three-point partial weight-bearing |
| injury or disorder affecting one or both legs such as paralyzed client with leg braces or an amputee before being fitted witha prosthesis. both crutches are move forward oneor both legs are advanced beyond the crutches | swing-through crutch walking gaits |
| temporay artificial limb, consists of walking pylon a lightweight tube attched to a shell made of plaster or plastic on the stump and rigid foot | immediate postoperative prosthesis (IPOP) |
| substitute for an arm or leg without the assistnace of crutches or ambulatory aids | prosthetic limb |
| crutches that support the forearm, used by clients who cannont bear weight on their hands and wrists | platform crutch |
| crutches that have an arm cuff but no axillary bar, clients who need permanent assistance with walking | Forearm crutch |
| standard type of crutches have abr that fits beneath the axilla used for temporary ambulation | axillary crutch |
| the most stable form of ambulatory aid, used for clients who are beginning to ambulate after pronlonged bedrest or after hip surgery | walker |
| hand held ambulatory device, handle should be parallel to the clients hip providing elbow flexation of 30 degrees | cane |
| applied around the clients waist if the client loses balance the nurse can support him or her and prevent injuries | walking belt |
| double row of stationary bars, handrails to gian practice in ambulation. | parallel bars |
| a device that raises the licent form a supine to standing position helps the clinet adjust to being upright and bearing weight on the feet | tilt table |
| sitting ont he edge of the bed, helps the client to normalize blood pressure | dangling |
| contraction and relaxation of the gluteal muscles to strenthen and tone them | gluteal setting |
| isometric exervise inw hich the client alternately tenses and relaxes the quadriceps muscle | quadriceps setting |
| the power to perform | strength |
| ablinity of muscles to respond when stimulated | tone |
| those who are frail or weak from prolonged inactivity | debilitated clinets |
| metal device inserted into and through one or more broken bones to stabilize fragments during healing | external fixator |
| means pull exterted directily on the skeletal system by attaching wires,pins, or tongs into or through the bone | skeletal traction |
| means pulling effect on the skeletal system by applying devices such as pelvic belt and a cervical halter to the skin. -- Bucks traction and Russell traction | skin traction |
| pulling on the body using a persons hands and muscular strength | manual traction |
| pulling effect exerted on a part of the skeletal system -Reduces muscle spasms -realign bones -relieve pain -prevent deformities | Traction |
| ensircles one or both arms or legs and the chest or trunk | spica cast |
| one that is cut in two pieces lengthwise from either body or cylindar cast | bivalved cast |
| larger form of a cylinder cast and encirvles the trunk of the body instead of an extremity | body cast |
| encircles an arm or leg and leave the toes or figners exposed. the cast extends formthe joins above and below the affected bone | cylinder cast |
| a rigid mold palve around an injured body part after it has been restored to correct anatomic alignment | cast |
| provide stability for unstable joint | functional braces |
| allow protected motion of an injured joint that has been treated operatively | rehabilitave brace |
| used to prevent or reduce the severity of a joint | prophylactic braces |
| custon-made or custon-fitted devices designed to supprot weakened structures | Braces |
| cloth device used to elevate, cradle, and support parts of the body | slings |
| foam or rigid splint placed around the neck. it is used to treat athletic neck injuries or other trauma that results in neck sprain or strain | cervical collar |
| orthotic devices made of rigid materials and used for chronic inujuries or diseases -Carpal tunnel syndrome | molded splints |
| commercial splints made from cloth and foam and held in place by adjustable velcro straps | immobilizers |
| metal devices that immbobilize and pull on contracted muscles -Thomas splint | traction splints |
| immoblizing devices that become rigid when filled with air. When air is infused the splint molds to the contour of the injured part preventing movement. should be treated within 30-45 min after application of splint | inflateable splints |
| a device that immoblizes and protects an injured body part, used before or instead of casts or traction | splints |
| orthopedic devices that support or align a body part and prevent or correct deformities | orthoses |
| an electrical device used as a supplement or substitute for manual ROM exercise | continuous passive motion machine |
| bending so as to decrese the angle between two adjoining bones | flexion |
| straightening so as to increase the angle between two adjoining bones up toe 180 degress | Extension |
| increasing the angle between two adjoining bones more than 180 degrees | hyperextension |
| moving away from the midline | abduction |
| moving toward the midline | adduction |
| turning from side to side as in an arc | rotation |
| turning outward, away from hte midline of the body | external rotation |
| turning inward, toward the midline of the body | internal rotation |
| forming a circle | circumduction |
| turning downward | pronation |
| turning upward | supination |
| bending toward the sole of the foot | plantar flexion |
| bending the foot toward the dorsum or anterior side | dorsiflexion |
| turning the sole of the foot toward the midline | inversion |
| turning the sole of the foot away from the midline | eversion |
| therapeutic activities that move the joints - asses joint flexibility - maintain joint mobility - prevent permanent loss of joint movement(ankylosis) - stretch joints before performing strenuous activities | ROM exercises |
| therapeutic activity that the client perfomrs with assistance and is provided when a client cannot move one or more parts of the body | passive exercise |
| therapeutic activity that the client performs independently after proper instruction | active exercise |
| activity perfomed by people with health risks or being treated for an existing health problem | therapeutic exercise |
| consists of stationary exercises gernally performed against a resistive force ex: weight lifting | Isometric exercise |
| involves rhythmically moving all parts of the body at a moderate to slow speed without hindering the ability ot breathe | aerobic exericise |
| activity that involves movement and work ex: aerobic exercise | isotonic exercise |
| highest limit for heart rate during exercise | maximum heart rate |
| the goal for heart rate during exercise | target heart rate |
| measures th time it takes a person to walk 1 mile | walk a mile test |
| guide for determining apersons fitness level | recovery index |
| submaximal test involivng a time stepping activity | step test |
| continuous recording of heart rate and rhythm during normal activity | ambulatory electrocardiogram |
| impaired blood flow to the heart | cardiac ischemia |
| test electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity and is performed in an acute care facility or outpatient center | stress electrocardiogram |
| exercise test tha does not stree a person to exhaustion | submaximal fitness test |
| the amount of body tissue that is lean versus the amount that is fat | body composition |
| capacity to exercise | fitness |
| purposeful physical activity | exercise |
| helps to move heavy clients or those with limited ability to assit from the bed to a chair toilet or tub and back again | mechanical lift |
| serves as a supportive bridge between two surfaces such as the bed and wheelchair, bed and stretcher, wheelchari and car seat, or wheelchair and toilet | transfer board |
| padded device secured around the clients waist, designed for clients who cna bear weight and help with the transfer but are unsteady | transfer belt |
| moving the client from place to place | transfer |
| supports the client on a 6 or 7-foot anterior or posterior platform suspended across the diameter of the frame | circular bed |
| slowly and continuously rocks the client fromside to side ina 124 degree arc. relieves skin pressure and helps to mobilize respiratory secretions | oscilating bed |
| contains a collection of tiny beads within a matress cover. | air fluidized bed |
| contaisn inflated air sacs within the matress. maintains capillary pressure | low air loss bed |
| metal frame secured to or placed on top of the mattress. it forms a shell over clients lower legs to keep bed linens off the feet or legs | cradle |
| supports the bodty and equalizes the pressure per square inch over its surface | water mattress |
| valuable device to aid clients in chanigng their position and moving about while in bed | side rails |
| triangular piece of metal hung by a chain over the head of the bed | trapeze |
| devices that prevent foot drop by keeping the feet in a functional position | foot boards, boots, foot splints |
| permantely shortened muscles that resist stretching | contracture |
| devices that preserve the clients functional ability to grasp and pick up objects | Hand Rolls |
| prevent the legs form turning outward | trochanter rolls |
| also know as a slider sheet extends from the upper back to midthighs is a helpful positioning device | roller sheet |
| used to support and elecate a body part | pillows |
| rigid structure placed under a mattress provides additional skeletal support | Bed board |
| bed that can be raised or lowered and allows the position of the head and knees to be changed | adjustaqble bed |
| Semi-sitting position- makes it easier for athe client to eat talk and look around. | fowlers position |
| three variations of fowlers position | High fowlers- 60-90 mid fowlers - 45 low folwers - 30 |
| semi-prone position - client lies on the left side with the right knee drawn up toward the chest. -used for examining the rectum or vagina | Sims position |
| one in which the client lies on the abdomen; an alternative position for the person with skin breakdown from pressure ulcers - provides good drainage form bronchiloles and stretches the tunk and extremeties | Prone position |
| a variation of the side lying position client lies on the side with the top leg plaved in 30 degrees of hip flexion and 35 degres of knee flexion. | lateral oblique position |
| person lies on the back. | supine position |
| specialty field of engineering science devoted to promoting comfort performance and health in the workplace | ergonomics |
| effiecent use of the muscoskeletal system | bdoy mechanics |
| position of the body or the way in which it is held | posture |
| signs and symptoms that result from inactivity | disuse syndrome |
| force that pulls objects towards the center of the earth. | gravity |
| capacity to do work | energy |
| steady position with weight | balance |
| point at which the mass of an object is centered | center of gravity |
| imaginary vertical line that passes through the center of gravity | line of gravity |
| area on which an object rests | base of support alignment |
| the position of a limb that is turned neither toward nor away from the bodys midline | neutral position |
| frontal and back views with arms at the sides andpalms forward | anatomic position |
| position in which an activity is performed properly and normally | functional position |
| someone who pretend to be sick or in pain | malingerer |
| inactive substance sometimes perscribed as a substitute for an analgesic drug | placebo |
| pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for an opioid and the need to use the opioid for effects othe than pain relief | addiction |
| therapeutic technique in which a person enters a trancelike state resultig in an alteration in perception and memory | hypnosis |
| client learns to control or alter physiologic phenomenon as an adjunct to traditional pain management | biofeedback |
| a pain management techniqu invovling a combination of acupuncture neeedles and TENS | percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| a medically prescribed pain management technique that delievers bursts of electricity to the skin and underlying nerves an intervention implemented by nurses | transutaneous eletrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
| a technique for releasing muscle tensio and quieting the mind tha helps to reduce pain relieve anxiety and promote a sense of well being | relaxation |
| the intentional diversion of attention to swith the person focus from an unpleasent sensory experience to one that is neutral or more pleasant | distraction |
| concentratin on a word or idea that promotes tranquility and is similar to imagery except the subject atter tends to be more spiritual | meditation |
| means using the mind to visualize an experience and soemtimes is referred to as intentional daydreaming | imagery |
| surgical interuption of pain pathways in the spinal cord | cordotomy |
| surgical sectioning of a nerve root close to the spinal cord | rhizotomy |
| a method of relieving pain by instillng a narcotic or local anesthetic throuh a catheter into the subarachnoid or epidural space of the spinal cord | intraspinal analgesia |
| larger dose of drug administered intitually or when pain is exveptionally intense | bolus or loadind dose |
| intervention that allows clients to self administer narcotic pain medication through use of an infusion device | paitient controlled analgesia |
| drugs whos perscription and sipensing are reguated by federal law becasuse they have the potential for being abused - Morphine sulfate - codiene sulfate - meperidine (demerol) - fentanyl | controlled substances |
| non narcotic drugs | nonopioids |
| narcotic drugs | opioids |
| drugs that assist in accomplishing the desired effect of a primary drug | adjuvant |
| technique for prventing reducing or relieving pain | pain management |
| rating ofr present pain, worst pain, and least pain using a constant scale | intensity |
| site of pain or identifying mark ona diagram | location |
| description in clients own words | quality |
| time the pain began | onset |
| period tha pain as existed | duration |
| pain characterisics taht change | variations |
| discomfort that lasts longer than 6 months | chronic pain |
| discomfort that has a short duration | acute pain |
| pain with atypical characteristics also called functional pain often is experienced days weeks or even months aftetr the source of the pain has been treated and resolved | neuropathic pain |
| difcomfort arising from internal organs | viceral pain |
| discomfort perceivd in a general area of the body usuall away from the site of stimulation | referred pain |
| discomfort generated form deeper connective tissue develops fro inury to structures such as muscles tendons and joints | somatic pain |
| discomfort that originates at the skin level is a commonly experience sensation resulting from some form of trauma | cutaneous pain |
| naturally produced morphine like chemicals | endogenous opioids |
| tha last phase of pain impulse transmisson during with the brain interacts with the spinal nerves in a downward fashion to subsequently alter the pain experience | modulation |
| amount of pain a person endures | pain tolerance |
| point at which sufficient pain transmitting stiuli reach the brain | pain threshold |
| conscious experience of discomfort | perception |
| carry impulses at a slower rate of .5 to 2 metes a second | C fibers |
| are large myelinated fibers, carry impulses rapidly at a rate of approximately 5 to 30 meters per second | A-delta fibers |
| the phase during which stimuli move from the peripheral ervous system toward the brain | transmission |
| type of sensory nerve reveptors activated by noxious stimuli | nociceptors |
| the conversion of chemical information at the cellular level into electical impulses that move toward the spinal cord | transduction |
| the emotional component of pain | suffering |
| unpleasent sensation usually associated with disease or injury | pain |
Created by:
Shelbisumm
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