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68wm6 p2 Adr Dis
Adrenal Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many layers are in the adrenal cortex? | Three |
| What is the purpose of mineralcorticoids? | Involved in water and electrolyte balance, and indirectly manage blood pressure |
| What is the primary mineralcorticoid? | Aldosterone |
| Mineralcorticoids cause the wasting of what? | potassium and hydrogen |
| What is the purpose of Glucocorticoids? | *Involved in glucose metabolism *Provides extra energy in times of stress *Also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties |
| What is the primary glucocorticoid? | Cortisol |
| What releases the "Fight or Flight" hormones during stress? | Adrenal Medulla |
| What are the "Fight or Flight" hormones? | *Epinephrine *Norepinephrine |
| Name the three types of steroids released by the adrenal glands: | *Mineralcorticoids *Glucocorticoids *Sex hormones |
| What is cushings syndrome? | Rare condition in which the plasma levels of adrenocortical hormones are increased and body's protective feedback mechanism fails |
| List 3 objective S/Sx of Cushings syndrome: | *Ecchymoses and petechiae *Skin becomes thin and fragile *Weight gain, edema and abdominal enlargement, with development of striae *Hypertension *May develop moon face and buffalo hump |
| What may women experience with Cushings syndrome? | hirsutism and menstrual irregularities |
| What is Addisons disease? | *(Adrenal Hypofunction) *Inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol) & mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) by adrenal glands |
| What is the recommended diet for Addisons Disease? | Diet high in sodium and low in potassium |
| What is an Addisonian Crisis? | an acute, emergency, life-threatening state of profound adrenal cortical insufficiency that occurs when the adrenal glands suddenly fail |
| List 4 S/Sx of addisonian crisis: | *Sudden, severe drop in B/P (hypotension) *Anorexia, nausea and vomiting *Extremely high temperature *Diarrhea, abdominal pain *Profound weakness *Headache, restlessness or fever |
| Death from Addisonian Crisis results from what? | hypotension and vasomotor collapse |
| Medical management of addisonian crisis: | Corticosteroids via an intravenous solution of normal saline and glucose |
| What is a Pheochromocytoma? | Chromaffin cell tumor, usually found in the adrenal medulla, that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| What is the principle manifestation of a pheochromocytoma? | hypertension |
| Where is the incision site for an andrenolectomy? | abdominal or flank incision under and following the position of the 12th rib |
| In the postoperative period following an adrenalectomy, the patient is closely monitored for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage, atelectasis and pneumothorax. Why are these signs and symptoms a concern? | Because the adrenals are located close to the diaphragm and inferior vena cava |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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