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BA240 Intro to patho

GRCC BA240 intro to patho

QuestionAnswer
The study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes Pathophysiology
We need to understand that any loss or change in normal structure, then loss of function why we need to understand pathophysiology
Which factors of pathophysiology helps figure out the disorder the disorder displays a set of common set of signs and symptoms related to the organs normal structure or function.
An example of knowing the pathophysiology as it relates to signs and symptoms of liver disease. When clotting factors are not produced leads to excess bleeding- liver is unable to excrete bilirubin - yellow color - inflammation- tissue swells/liver capsule swells - pain.
pathophysiology is important because there are new discoveries made in medicine all of the time.
to understand how and why disease develops The importance of pathophysiology
What impacts decision making processing? Pathophysiology helps us with this
pathophysiology helps with ensuring optimal health and better outcomes.
What is a deviation from the normal state of health or from a sttae of wellness? disease
Example of disease Significan changes in the body - homeostasis cannot be maintained
What is affected when homeostatis can't be maintained? BP, body temperataure, fluid balance, etc
World Health Organization (WHO) describes this as physical, emotional and social well being Health and wellness
What plays a role in health and well ness? Life experience, environmental factors
Homeostasis Process that maintains a stable internal environment
Negative feedback Towards set point; deviation from the set point triggers changes in the body to return to the set point
example of negative feedback body temp, BP, blood sugar levels, etc
Positive feedback away from set point; changes cause body to move away from set point
example of positive feedback clott mechanism, lactation
What disrupts the maintenance of the optimal steady state of homeostasis? the disease process
What is Stress Response role in the Disease progression? Response made by body to any stressor
stressor Any physiological or psychological factor that creates significant change in the body
Which critical areas of the body increases in general function due to stressors? Brain, heart, cell metabolism, lungs
Stressors trigger brain to increase the function and short term memory to do what? release endorphins to block pain
Stressors trigger heart to beat faster to do what? Increase circulation
Stressors increases cell metabolism
stressors increases lung activity and leads to increased oxygen levels
What happens when stressors are prolonged? can cause problems with different areas of body.
Stressors prolonged effect on GI leads to Stomatitis, periodonitis, ulcers, ulcerative collitis, nausea and diarhea
Stressors prolonged effect on respiratory leads to asthma attack
Stressors prolonged effect on cardiovascular leads to htn, angina and chf
Stressors prolonged effect on CNS leads to MS, depression, CVA (stroke)
Stressors prolonged effect on muscleskeltal leads to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Stressors prolonged effect on GU leads to acute renal failure
Stressors prolonged effect on dermis leads to herpes simplex, eczema, acne, impaired healing
Stressors prolonged effect on other areas of the body lead to cancer and infection
Stressors activate which part of the nervous system? Central nervous system
The central nervous system activates Hypothalamus
hypothalamus stressor turns on CNS that activates
Stress on the SNS signals adrenal medulla
what does the adrenal medulla release epinephrine and norepinephrine
Hypothalamus activates sns and pituitary
adrenal medulla is activated by SNS
what does the adrenal medulla release once the SNS has activated epi and noriepinephrine
They hypothalamus activates the anterior pituitary to release what? ACTH
Anterior Pituitary releases ACTH and activates what? the adrenal cortex
Pituatary adrenal cortex
SNS adrenal medulla
anterior pituitary releases ACTH to activate the adrenal cortex
What does the adrenal cortex released cortisol and aldosterone
Posterior pituitary releases ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
ADH retains fluid and increases the workload of the heart
anterior pituitary releases ACTH and activates the adrenal cortex that releases cortisol and glucocorticoids and aldosterone & mineral corticoids
Cortisol, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, and mineralcorticoids are actived by anterior pituitary gland that releases ACTH
Norepinephrine effects vasoconstriction that causes skin pallor, decrease in GFR and increase of BP
Epinephrine effects vasoconstriction that causes skin pallor, decrease GFR, and increase BP
Epinephrine effects vasoconstriction skin pallor, decrease GFR, and increase BP
Epinephrine effects on heart Increase heart rate and contractility
Epinephrine effects on lungs bronchodilation and increase oxygen (more oxygen to tissues)
Epinephrine effects on CNS Increases alertness and increases muscle tone
Epinephrine effects on Metabolic glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis
Cortisol is also known as stress hormone
Cortisol effects on metabolic protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis
Cortisol effects on metabolic breaks down protien and forms new glucose resulting in what? Increased blood sugar and low serum amino acids, and delayed wound healing
Cortisol stimulates what else? the CNS
cortisol effects on the GI Increases gastric secretions resulting ulcers
cortisol effects on the immune response decreases allergic, inflammation and immune response results in decrease in lymphocytes and antibody production = increase risk for infection
stress response releases aldosterone activates sodium and water retention resulting increased blood volume and increase BP
Sress response releases ADH results increase water absorption and increased blood volume and increase BP
Created by: Wends1984
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