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CDIIchp 14
HCC Freeport, IL Fluid and Electrolytes
| Norm Value Na+ | 130-145 mEq/L |
|---|---|
| Norm Value Cl- | 98-107 mEq/L |
| Norm Value HCO3- | 24 |
| Norm Value Ca2+ | 5 |
| Norm Value Mg2+ | 1.5-2.5 |
| Norm Value HP04- | 2 |
| Approximately _____ to _____% of the human body is made up of water. | 50-60% |
| Why is it important for the body to maintain homeostasis? | Without homeostasis, cells can't function properly and illness results |
| Define: intracellular fluid | fluid within a cell |
| Define: extracellular fluid What are the 2 types? | fluid outside the cell intravascular and interstitial |
| What is the difference between intravascular and interstitial fluid? | intravascular is fluid found in the blood vessels in the form of serum. Interstitial is fluid surrounding the cells as in lymph, digestive secretions, sweat and CSF |
| Extracellular fluid is responsible for: | transport of nutrients and wastes through the body. |
| Percentage of body water is affected by: _____, ____ and ______ | age, sex and amount of body fat |
| The % of water in ones body is lower in: women or men baby or adolescent healthy weight or obese | % body water is lower in: females adolescents obese (fat contains less water than other tissue.) |
| A substance that develops an electrical charge when dissolved in water | electrolyte |
| Ions that have a postive charge are called: Ions that have a negative charge are called: | Positive= cations negative= anions |
| What is the correct charge for the following electrolytes when dissolved in water: Magnesium- Chloride- Phosphate- Sodium- Bicarbonate- Potassium- Calcium- | Mg2 + Cl - HPO4 - Na + HCO3 - K + Ca2 + |
| What do electrolytes do that helps maintain homeostasis | Strive for a neutral charge- for every cation an anion can be found. |
| Which element is the standard for comparing chemical activities of electrolytes? (1 mEq of an electrolyte has the same chemical combining power as 1 mEq of ________) | hydrogen |
| ________ is the most abundant electrolyte in the body and the primary electrolyte in the ECF | Sodium |
| ___________plays a major rold in the regulation of body fluid volumes, muscular activity, nerve impulse conduction, and acid-base balance. | Sodium |
| If a person's sodium level is too high, the person will ______________. | retain water. |
| Treatment for a person retaining water might include: | a diuretic that promotes excretion of sodium because "water goes where sodium goes." |
| ___________ is found mainly in the ICF and is the major intracellular cation. | Potassium |
| _______ plays a rold in maintaining fluid osmolarity and volume WITHIN the cell. | Potassium |
| _______ is essential for normal membrane excitability which is necessary in the transmission of nerve impulses. | Potassium |
| _____ is needed for protein synthesis, for the synteses and breakdown of glycogen, and to maintain plasma acid-base balance. | Potassium |
| _______ is an extracellular anion that is usually bound with other ions, expecially sodium or potassium. | Chloride |
| _________ major functions are to regulate osmotic pressure between fluid compartments and to assist in regulating ace-base balance. | Chloride |
| ________ is usually combined with phosphorus to form the mineral salts of the bones and teeth. | Calcium |
| ______% of total calcium in the body is concentrated in the bones and teeth and ____% is in the ECF. | 99% bones and teeth 1% ECF |
| ______ is ingested through the diet and absorbed through the intestine. | Calcium |
| Calcium has a reciprocal relationship with | Phosphorus |
| Phosphorus has a reciprocal relationship with | Calcium |
| _______ promotes normal transmission of nerve impulses and helps regulate normal muscle contraction and relaxation. | Calcium |
| Where does regulation of calcium take place? Can you explain that? | In the body. If serum calcium levels fall, more is absorbed through the intestine, reabsorbed through the kidneys or taken from the bones. |
| ______ is a cation found (50-60%) in the bone, 39-49% in the ICF and 1% in the ECF. It is the 2nd most abundant cation in the ICF so it is vital to cellular function. | Magnesium |
| ________ plays a rold in the metabolism of carbs and proteins, the storage and use of ICF energy, and neural transmission. | Magnesium |
| Magnesium is important in the functioning of the _______, _________ and _________. | Heart, nerves and muscles. |
| Magnesium is absorbed through the _______ and excreted through the _________. | small intestine, kidneys |
| Magnesium excretion is regulated by ________ and __________ excretion, _____(ECF or ICF) volume and _______ hormone. | sodium and calcium excretion ECF Parathyroid hormone |
| Name 5 common nonelectrolyte solutes found in the body. They do not carry a charge and are measured in mg/dl. | 1. urea 2. protein 3. glucose 4. creatinine 5. bilirubin |
| Name 4 processes that water and soultes are transported between ICF and ECF compartments. | 1. diffusion 2. active transport 3. filtration 4. osmosis |
| The random movement of particles in all directions is _________. | Diffusion |
| The term ________ _______ is used when a carrier protein transports the molecules through membranes toward an area of lower concentration | facilitated diffusion |
| Carrier proteins can transport substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of equal or greater concentration. This process, which requires the expenditure of energy, is called _______. Name 1 example. | Active transport Sodium Pump |
| The transfer of water through a membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure is ________. | Filtration |
| The pressure the is utilized in filtration is known as __________. | Hydrostatic pressure |
| Define hydrostatic pressure. (It is the combination of _____________ and ___________.) | It is the combination of pressures from the force of gravity on the fluid and the pumping action of the heart. |
| Filtration is a necessary process for: ____________________________________. | Moving fluid out of the capillaries into tissues. Filtering plasma through the kidneys. |
| Movement of water across a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution. | Osmosis |
| Osmolality refers to: | the concentration of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles per kilogram of water |
| Osmolality controls ________ movement and distribution in body fluid compartments by regulating the the concentration of fluid in each compartment. | water |
| The osmolality of ECF and ICF tend to equalize due to the constant shifting of water. A change in 1 affects the other. Osmolality of ICF is maintained primarily by ________ and the osmolality of ECF by ______________. | potassium sodium |
| normal range of osmolality of the body fluids is between __________ and ___________ millimoles per kilogram. | 280 and 294 |
| _______________ refers to the concentration of particles per liter of solution. | osmolarity |
| Regulation of fluid balance is accomplished by constant adjustment from ________ and _________. | kidneys circulatory system |
| The kidneys and circulatory system are influenced by ____________, ____________ and ____________ in fluid balance regulation. | sympathetic nervous system specific hormones thirst center |
| Main regulator of fluid balance | kidney |
| ________ control ECF by adjusting concentration of electrolytes osmolality of body fluids, volume of eCF, blood volume and PH | kidney |
| Nephron is the functioning unit of the kidney. Each is made up of _____ and _______ | glomerulus and tubules |
| Norm Value K+ | 3.5-5.1 mEq/L |
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