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grcc bi121 lec4
grcc bi#4 CNS divisions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
CNS | spinal cord and brain |
Brain is composed of | cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem |
covering of the brain | meninges |
meninges composed of | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
Dura mater | vascular CT with nerves and forms internal periosteum of the skull bones and covers spinal cord as ti passes thru vertebrae |
outside layer | dura mater |
Dura mater attaches to what? | does not attach to vertebrae, but it is seperated by the epidural space |
what is the space below the dura mater? | subdural space |
subdural hematoma | trauma to head may cause blood to collect in space below dura mater. |
arachnoid mater | avascular membrane that reabsorbes CSF |
dural sinus | this is where blood flows between the dura and the arachnoid mater. |
pia mater | vascular with nerves. nourishes CNS cells via CSF secretions and attaches dura mater to spinal cord |
this meninge layer nourishes CNS cells via CSF secretions | Pia mater |
what attaches dura mater to the spinal cord? | Pia mater, the last layer of the meninges |
subarchnoid space | this is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater where CSF is reabsorbed. |
Meningitis | viral or bacterial inflammation of the meninges (usually arachnoid & pia mater). |
vision, hearing, IQ and possible death | What does meningitis affect? |
CSF | derived from plasma, and is almost the same composition except it contains glucose, sodium and less potassium |
functions of CSF | cushions CNS, nourishes CNS, transport wastes to blood, provides ion balance for nerve transmission |
Where does CNS get its nutrition from? | CSF |
What cushions the CNS? | cerebral spinal fluid protects |
CSF transports | Transports waste to blood? |
Why does CNS balance Ion's? | for nerve transmission |
CSF Flow | Brain ventricles are interconnected cavities continuous with spinal cord central canal |
Brain ventricles | what is interconnected cavities within spinal cord central canal |
how many ventricles in the cns | four |
what do the four ventricles contain | capillary bundles (choroid plexuses) that secretes CSF |
First and Second ventricles | lateral ventricles that extend into frontal, temporal and occipital lobes |
Third ventricles location | surrounded by the thalamus and hypothalums |
Fourth ventricle location | inferior ventricle anterior to cerebellum. |
Hydrocephalus | Fluid/water on the brain. |
How do hydrocephalus results | When CSF production is greater than it can be reaborbed. |
What causes hydrocephalus | infection, clot, tumor. |
How to fix hydrocephalus | drain excess CSF, valve left till condition is resolved. |
Nematode worms | round worms or platyhelminthes (tapeworms) can enter the brain and live as adults or produce cysts. |
subdural space | Blood flows in a space between the dura mater & the arachnoid matter. |